Board Paper of Class 12 2017 Physics - Solutions

(a) Choose the correct alternative (a), (b), (c) or (d) for each of the questions given below:
(i) The electrostatic–potential energy of two point charges, 1 μC each, placed 1 meter apart in air is:.
(ii) A wire of resistance 'R' is cut into 'n' equal parts. These parts are then connected in parallel with each other. The equivalent resistance of the combination is:
(iii) Magnetic susceptibility of platinum is 0· 0001. Its relative permeability is–:
(iv) When a light wave travels from air to glass:
(v) A radioactive substance decays to 1/16^th of its initial mass in 40 days. The half life of the substance, in days, is:

(b) Answer all questions given below briefly and to the point:
(i) Maximum torque acting on an electric dipole of moment 3 × 10^–29 Cm in a uniform electric field E is 6 × 10^–25 Nm. Find E.
(ii) What is meant by drift speed of free electrons?
(iii) On which conservation principle is Kirchoff's Second Law of electrical networks based?
(iv) Calculate magnetic flux density of the magnetic field at the centre of a circular coil of 50 turns, having radius of 0.5 m and carrying a current of 5 A.
(v) An a.c. generator generates an emf 'ε' where ε = 314 Sin(50πt) volt. Calculate the frequency of the emf ε.
(vi) With what type of source of light are cylindrical wave fronts associated?·
(vii) How is fringe width of an interference pattern in Young's double slit experiment affected if the two slits are brought closer to each other?
(viii) In a regular prism, . what is the relation between angle of incidence and angle of emergence when it is in the minimum deviation position?
(ix) A converging lens of focal length 40 cm is kept in contact with a diverging lens of focal length 30 cm. Find the focal length of the combination.
(x) How can the spherical aberration produced by a lens be minimized?
(xi) Calculate the momentum of a photon of energy 6 × 10^–19 J.
(xii) According to Bohr, 'Angular momentum of an orbiting electron is quantised'. What is meant by this statement?
(xiii) Why nuclear fusion reaction is also called thermo-nuclear reaction?
(xiv) What is the minimum energy which a gamma-ray photon must possess in order to produce electron-positron pair? ·
(xv) Show the variation of voltage with.time, for a digital signal. VIEW SOLUTION

(a) Show that electric potential at a point P, at a distance 'r' from a fixed point charge Q, is given by:
$\mathrm{V}=\left(\frac{1}{4\pi {\epsilon }_0}\right)\frac{Q}{r}$.

(b) Intensity of electric field at a perpendicular distance of 0.5 m from an infinitely long line charge having linear charge density (λ) is 3.6 × 10³ Vm^–1· Find the value of λ. VIEW SOLUTION

(a) Three capacitors C₁ = 3μF, C₂ = 6μF and C₃ = l0μF are connected to a 50 V battery as shown in the Figure 1 below:


Calculate:
(i) The equivalent capacitance of the circuit between points A and B.
(ii) The charge on C₁.

(b) Two resistors R₁ = 60 Ω and R₂ = 90 Ω are connected in parallel. If electric power consumed by the resistor R₁ is 15 W, calculate the power consumed by the resistor R₂. VIEW SOLUTION

(a) Figure 2 below shows two resistors R₁ and R₂ connected to a battery having an emf of 40V and negligible internal resistance. A voltmeter having a resistance of 300 Ω is used to measure potential difference across R₁ . Find the reading of the voltmeter.


(b) A moving coil galvanometer has a coil of resistance 59Ω. It shows a full scale deflection for a current of 50 mA. How will you convert it to an ammeter having a range of 0 to 3A? VIEW SOLUTION

(a) In a meter bridge circuit, resistance in the left hand gap is 2Ω and an unknown resistance X is in the right hand gap as shown in Figure 3 below. The null point is found to be 40 cm from the left end of the wire. What resistance should be connected to X  so that the new null point is 50 cm from the left end of the wire?


(b) The horizontal component of earth's magnetic field at a place is $\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}$ times the vertical component. Determine the angle of dip at that place. VIEW SOLUTION

(a) Using Ampere's circuital law, obtain an expression for the magnetic flux density 'B' at a point 'X' at a perpendicular distance 'r' from a long current carrying conductor.
(Statement of the law is not required).

(b) PQ is a long straight conductor carrying a current of 3A as shown in Figure 4 below. An electron moves with a velocity of 2 × 10⁷ ms^–1 parallel to it. Find the force acting on the electron.
VIEW SOLUTION

(a) (i) AB and CD are two parallel conductors kept 1 m apart and connected by a resistance R of 6 Ω, as shown in Figure 5 below.

(b) 1n a series LCR circuit, obtain an expression for the resonant frequency. VIEW SOLUTION

(a) (i) State any one property which is common to all electromagnetic waves.

(ii) Arrange the following electromagnetic waves in increasing order of their frequencies (i.e. begin with the lowest frequency):

(b) (i) What is meant by diffraction of light?
(ii) In Fraunhofer diffraction, what kind of source of light is used and where is it situated? VIEW SOLUTION

(a) In Young's double slit experiment using monochromatic light of wavelength 600 nm, 5^th bright fringe' is at a distance of 0·48 mm from the centre of the pattern. If the screen is at a distance of 80 cm from the plane of the two slits, calculate:
(i) Distance between the two slits.
(ii) Fringe width, i.e. fringe separation.

(b) (i) State Brewster's law.
(ii) Find Brewster's angle for a transparent liquid having refractive index 1·5. VIEW SOLUTION

(a) Find critical angle for glass and water pair, given refractive index of glass is l·62 and that of water is 1·33.

(b) Starting with an expression for refraction at a single spherical surface, obtain Lens Maker's Formula. VIEW SOLUTION

(a) A compound microscope consists of two convex lenses of focal length 2 cm and 5 cm· When an object is kept at a distance of 2·l cm from the objective, a virtual and magnified image is formed 25 cm from the eye piece. Calculate the magnifying power of the microscope.

(b) (i) What is meant by resolving power of a telescope?
(ii) State any one method of increasing the resolving power of an astronomical telescope. VIEW SOLUTION

(a) (i) Plot a labelled graph of |V_S| where V_S is stopping potential versus frequency f of the incident radiation.
(ii) State how will you use this graph to determine the value of Planck's constant.

(b) (i) Find the de Broglie wavelength of electrons moving with a speed of 7 × 10⁶ ms^–1.
(ii) Describe in brief what is observed when moving electrons are allowed to fall on a thin graphite film and the emergent beam falls on a fluorescent screen. VIEW SOLUTION

(a) Draw energy level diagram for hydrogen atom, showing first four energy levels corresponding to n = l, 2, 3 and 4. Show transitions responsible for:
(i) Absorption spectrum of Lyman series.
(ii) Emission spectrum of Balmer series.

(b) (i) Find maximum frequency of X-rays produced by an X-ray tube operating at a tube potential of 66 kV.
(ii) State any one difference between characteristic X-rays and continuous X-rays. VIEW SOLUTION

(a) Obtain a relation between half life of a radioactive substance and decay constant (λ).

(b) Calculate mass defect and binding energy per nucleon of ${}_{10}{}^{20}\mathrm{Ne}$, given
$$\begin{gathered} \mathrm{Mass} \mathrm{of} {}_{10}{}^{20}\mathrm{Ne}=19.992397\mathit{ }u \\ \mathrm{Mass} \mathrm{of} {}_1{}^1\mathrm{H}=1.007825\mathit{ }u \\ \mathrm{Mass} \mathrm{of} {}_0{}^{1}n=1.008665 u \end{gathered}$$ VIEW SOLUTION

(a) With reference to a semi-conductor diode, what is meant by:
(i) Forward bias
(ii) Reverse bias
(iii) Depletion region

(b) Draw a diagram to show how NAND gates can be combined to obtain an OR gate.
(Truth table is not. required) VIEW SOLUTION