Living Science 2019 2020 for Class 6 Science Chapter 17 - Garbage In, Garbage Out

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The waste that is obtained from living things is biodegradable, whereas wastes obtained from non-living things that were once alive or that were never alive will be non-biodegradable. This is because wastes derived from living things can be readily degraded by the microbes. 

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The process of making new products by processing waste is called recycling the waste. In this process, the wastes are collected and are processed through different methods to make new products. 

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Reusing a plastic bottle helps in decreasing the amount of plastic in the environment. The reused plastic bottles also decrease the need for producing more plastic bottles, which further helps in protecting the environment from non-biodegradable waste. 

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Biodegradable wastes can be used to make compost. In the formation of compost, biodegradable waste is naturally converted into compost or manure, which can be used to increase the growth of crops and plants. 

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The first 'R' of waste management is 'refuse'. Refuse refers to the discontinuation of things that can generate wastes. Refuse acts as the first and foremost measure to reduce waste. By refusing, we can prevent the generation of additional waste, which can effectively help the environment. For example, the refusal of plastic bags will not only decrease the existing amount of plastic on the Earth, but will also prevent the accumulation of more plastic in the environment. 

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(c) Both biodegradable and non biodegradable waste.
Both biodegradable and non biodegradable wastes can be recycled by different methods.

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(a) Plastic bags.
The plastic bags thrown into the environment is causing the most harm to the environment today.

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(a) Biodegradable waste only.
The wastes that are derived from the living matter are biodegradable wastes.

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(c) Use them to store water at home.
Plastic bottles and metal cans can be reused by storing water at home.

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(a) Make compost from them.
Composting is one of the methods of recycling the biodegradable wastes.

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(a) Recycling is a process where the wastes are recycled to make new products.
(b) Landfills are the low lying areas used to dispose garbage.

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Biodegradable waste can be recycled by composting.

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Biodegradable substances decay and mix with the soil, whereas non-biodegradable waste does not.

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To make manure from biodegradable waste, you will make a compost pit.

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Red worms are used for vermicomposting.

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False. Recycling of plastic bottles means melting the plastic bottles to form new plastic bottles. 

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True. The waste collectors buy waste materials from us and sell them to factories, where, they are recycled. 

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Reduction of waste material leads to reduced consumption of raw materials.

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Say no to all plastic bags as far as possible.  

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There is a need to segregate the two types of waste because both the biodegradable wastes and non-biodegradable wastes require different methods of disposal.

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Composting is a natural process of recycling the biodegradable waste because it reuses the nutrients present in the wastes and restores them to the soil, thus increasing the productivity of the soil.

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Composting is possible with the wastes which can decay by itself, like fruit and vegetable peels, leaves, flowers etc. Non biodegradable wastes will not decay by itself. Hence, compost cannot be made from non biodegradable wastes.

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Vermicomposting is a method of yielding manure, in which the biodegradable wastes are decomposed with the help of red worms, which is a species of earthworm.

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Metals are recycled by smelting them to make fresh metal, which are then used to make other articles.

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One of the greatest problems that the cities and towns are facing today is the disposal of the garbage. The garbage collected from the entire city or town is so huge that it can neither be disposed to the river as this causes water pollution, nor it can be burnt as this releases poisonous smoke and gases which causes harm to the living beings.

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The use of plastic bags, packaged cans and other non biodegradable substances has been increased over a few decades. A major part of the garbage collected consists of these non biodegradable substances. Hence, it is very essential to recycle the non biodegradable wastes these days to reduce their accumulation in nature.

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The process in which the waste materials are collected and processed to make new products for future use is called as recycling. Recycling of biodegradable wastes reduces the amount of wastes and helps to maintain the environment neat and clean. It also helps to restore the nutrients from the waste back to the soil.

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Paper is a biodegradable waste which is made out of wood. Paper can be reused to make paper carry bags, for wrapping books, for making paper mache products, etc. Other than this, paper can also be recycled for future use. By doing so, we can reduce the accumulation of garbage and simultaneously conserve trees.

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Over a few decades, the use of plastics has been increased extensively and has become a cause of concern for the environment. Since, it is a non biodegradable substance, it can neither be thrown off nor can be burnt. In addition to this, the foodstuffs are getting contaminated due to the absorption of the dyes from the plastic bags.

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Following are the ways by which we can contribute to a better disposal of waste:
(i) Segregating the biodegradable wastes and non biodegradable wastes in separate dustbins.
(ii) Composting the biodegradable wastes.
(iii) Reducing the aggregation of plastic/metal cans and bags, replacing the plastic bags by jute bags and reusing the plastic/metal cans for storing things.
(iv)Reducing the accumulation of paper either by reusing it or recycling it.
(v) Recycling the non biodegradable wastes wherever necessary.

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The four Rs of waste disposal are:
(i) Refuse: Say no to the non biodegradable wastes such as plastic bags, packaging cans, metal wastes, etc.
(ii) Reduce: Decreasing the accumulation of wastes consuming less and throwing less.
(iii) Reuse: Instead of throwing the substances as waste, reusing them wherever possible.
(iv) Recycle: Recycling the wastes whenever necessary and possible.

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Composting is a process where the biodegradable wastes are decomposed naturally and the nutrients are restored to the soil. Earth worms help in the process of decomposition by the process of vermicomposting. Since, they help to increase the productivity of the soil, we call them 'farmer's friends'.

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Burning the dry leaves destroys the essential nutrients which can be restored to the soil and also causes air pollution by the release of smoke. Composting the dry leaves along with the other biodegradable substances, recycles the nutrients present in the leaves and restore them in the soil. In this way, the soil becomes more fertile. Hence, it would be a wise option to dispose off the dry leaves by composting them.

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A waste collector collects waste and sells it to the factories that further recycle or process the waste. In this way, a waste collector reduces the amount of waste in the environment and decreases the extent of environmental pollution. Thus, a waste collector can be considered as a friend of the environment. 

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Plastic in the form of plastic bags are enormously used and thrown as waste materials into the environment. These when disposed off, block the drains and the soil, kills the animals when animals eat them and contaminate the foodstuffs. Hence, they cause harm to the living beings. The other plastic materials like TV cabinets, buckets are not frequently disposed off into the environment like plastic bags and are not as dangerous as plastic bags.