Rd Sharma Xi 2020 2021 _volume 2 Solutions for Class 11 Science Maths Chapter 23 The Straight Lines are provided here with simple step-by-step explanations. These solutions for The Straight Lines are extremely popular among Class 11 Science students for Maths The Straight Lines Solutions come handy for quickly completing your homework and preparing for exams. All questions and answers from the Rd Sharma Xi 2020 2021 _volume 2 Book of Class 11 Science Maths Chapter 23 are provided here for you for free. You will also love the ad-free experience on Meritnation’s Rd Sharma Xi 2020 2021 _volume 2 Solutions. All Rd Sharma Xi 2020 2021 _volume 2 Solutions for class Class 11 Science Maths are prepared by experts and are 100% accurate.

Page No 23.102:

Question 1:

Find the values of α so that the point P2, α) lies inside or on the triangle formed by the lines x − 5y + 6 = 0, x − 3y + 2 = 0 and x − 2y − 3 = 0.

Answer:

Let ABC be the triangle of sides AB, BC and CA whose equations are x − 5y + 6 = 0, x − 3y + 2 = 0 and x − 2y − 3 = 0, respectively.
On solving the equations, we get A (9,3), B (4, 2) and C (13, 5) as the coordinates of the vertices.


It is given that point P2, α) lies either inside or on the triangle. The three conditions are given below.

(i) A and P must lie on the same side of BC.

(ii) B and P must lie on the same side of AC.

(iii) C and P must lie on the same side of AB.

If A and P lie on the same side of BC, then

9-9+2α2-3α+20α-2α-10

α(-,1][2,)            ... (1)

If B and P lie on the same side of AC, then

4-4-3α2-2α-30α-3α+10

α-1,3                          ... (2)

If C and P lie on the same side of AB, then

13-25+6α2-5α+60α-3α-20

α2,3                            ... (3)

From (1), (2) and (3), we get:

α2,3

Page No 23.102:

Question 2:

Find the values of the parameter a so that the point (a, 2) is an interior point of the triangle formed by the lines x + y − 4 = 0, 3x − 7y − 8 = 0 and 4xy − 31 = 0.

Answer:

Let ABC be the triangle of sides AB, BC and CA whose equations are  x + y − 4 = 0, 3x − 7y − 8 = 0 and 4xy − 31 = 0, respectively.

On solving them, we get A 7,-3, B 185,25 and C 20925,6125 as the coordinates of the vertices.
Let P (a, 2) be the given point.



It is given that point P (a,2) lies inside the triangle. So, we have the following:
 
(i) A and P must lie on the same side of BC.

(ii) B and P must lie on the same side of AC.

(iii) C and P must lie on the same side of AB.

Thus, if A and P lie on the same side of BC, then

21+21-83a-14-8>0

a>223                        ... (1)

If B and P lie on the same side of AC, then

4×185-25-314a-2-31>0

a<334                        ... (2)

If C and P lie on the same side of AB, then

20925+6125-4a+2-4>0345-4a+2-4>0

a>2                            ... (3)

From (1), (2) and (3), we get:

a223,334

Page No 23.102:

Question 3:

Determine whether the point (−3, 2) lies inside or outside the triangle whose sides are given by the equations x + y − 4 = 0, 3x − 7y + 8 = 0, 4xy − 31 = 0.

Answer:

Let ABC be the triangle of sides AB, BC and CA, whose equations x + y − 4 = 0, 3x − 7y + 8 = 0 and 4xy − 31 = 0, respectively.

On solving them, we get A7,-3, B (2, 2) and C (9, 5) as the coordinates of the vertices.

Let P (−3, 2) be the given point.



The given point P (−3, 2) will lie inside the triangle ABC, if

(i) A and P lies on the same side of BC

(ii) B and P lies on the same side of AC

(iii) C and P lies on the same side of AB

Thus, if A and P lie on the same side of BC, then

21+21+8-9-14+8>050×-15>0-750>0, which is false

Therefore, the point (−3, 2) lies outside triangle ABC.



Page No 23.107:

Question 1:

Find the distance of the point (4, 5) from the straight line 3x − 5y + 7 = 0.

Answer:

Comparing ax + by + c = 0 and 3x − 5y + 7 = 0, we get:

a = 3, b = − 5 and c = 7

So, the distance of the point (4, 5) from the straight line 3x − 5y + 7 = 0 is

d=ax1+by1+ca2+b2d=3×4-5×5+732+-52=634

Hence, the required distance is 634.

Page No 23.107:

Question 2:

Find the perpendicular distance of the line joining the points (cos θ, sin θ) and (cos ϕ, sin ϕ) from the origin.

Answer:

The equation of the line joining the points (cos θ, sin θ) and (cos ϕ, sin ϕ) is given below:

y-sinθ=sinϕ-sinθcosϕ-cosθx-cosθcosϕ-cosθy-sinθcosϕ-cosθ=sinϕ-sinθx-sinϕ-sinθcosθsinϕ-sinθx-cosϕ-cosθy+sinθcosϕ-sinϕcosθ=0

Let d be the perpendicular distance from the origin to the line sinϕ-sinθx-cosϕ-cosθy+sinθcosϕ-sinϕcosθ=0

d=sinθcosϕ-sinϕcosθsinϕ-sinθ2+cosϕ-cosθ2d=sinθ-ϕsin2ϕ+sin2θ-2sinϕsinθ+cos2ϕ+cos2θ-2cosϕcosθd=sinθ-ϕsin2ϕ+cos2ϕ+sin2θ+cos2θ-2cosθ-ϕd=12sinθ-ϕ1-cosθ-ϕ

d=12sinθ-ϕ2sin2θ-ϕ2 d=12×2sinθ-ϕsinθ-ϕ2=122sinθ-ϕ2cosθ-ϕ2sinθ-ϕ2d=cosθ-ϕ2

Hence, the required distance is cosθ-ϕ2.

Page No 23.107:

Question 3:

Find the length of the perpendicular from the origin to the straight line joining the two points whose coordinates are (a cos α, a sin α) and (a cos β, a sin  β).

Answer:

Equation of the line passing through (acosα, asinα) and (acosβ, asinβ) is

 y-asinα=asinβ-asinαacosβ-acosαx-acosαy-asinα=sinβ-sinαcosβ-cosαx-acosαy-asinα=2cosβ+α2sinβ-α22sinβ+α2sinα-β2x-acosαy-asinα=-cotβ+α2x-acosαy-asinα=-cotα+β2x-acosα

xcotα+β2+y-asinα-acosα cotα+β2=0

The distance of the line from the origin is

d=-asinα-acosα cotα+β2cot2α+β2+1d=asinα+acosα cotα+β2cosec2α+β2     cosec2θ=1+cot2θ

d=asinα+β2sinα+cosα cosα+β2  d=asinα sinα+β2+cosα cosα+β2  d=acosα+β2-α  =acosβ-α2=acosα-β2

Hence, the required distance is acosα-β2



Page No 23.108:

Question 4:

Show that the perpendiculars let fall from any point on the straight line 2x + 11y − 5 = 0 upon the two straight lines 24x + 7y = 20 and 4x − 3y − 2 = 0 are equal to each other.

Answer:

et P(a, b) be any point on 2x + 11y − 5 = 0

2a + 11b − 5 = 0

 b=5-2a11    ...i

Let d1 and d2 be the perpendicular distances from point P
on the lines 24x + 7y = 20 and 4x − 3y − 2 = 0, respectively.

d1=24a+7b-20242+72=24a+7b-2025d1=24a+7×5-2a11-2025     from (1)d1=50a-3755

Similarly,

d2=4a-3b-232+-42=4a-3×5-2a11-25d2=44a-15+6a-2211×5     from (1)d2=50a-3755

d1 = d2

Page No 23.108:

Question 5:

Find the distance of the point of intersection of the lines 2x + 3y = 21 and 3x − 4y + 11 = 0 from the line 8x + 6y + 5 = 0.

Answer:

Solving the lines 2x + 3y = 21 and 3x − 4y + 11 = 0  we get:

x33-84=y-63-22=1-8-9x=3, y=5

So, the point of intersection of 2x + 3y = 21 and 3x − 4y + 11 = 0 is (3, 5).

Now, the perpendicular distance d of the line 8x + 6y + 5 = 0 from the point (3, 5) is


d=24+30+582+62=5910

Page No 23.108:

Question 6:

Find the length of the perpendicular from the point (4, −7) to the line joining the origin and the point of intersection of the lines 2x − 3y + 14 = 0 and 5x + 4y − 7 = 0.

Answer:

Solving the lines 2x − 3y + 14 = 0 and 5x + 4y − 7 = 0  we get:

x21-56=y70+14=18+15x=-3523, y=8423

So, the point of intersection of 2x − 3y + 14 = 0 and 5x + 4y − 7 = 0 is -3523,8423.

The equation of the line passing through the origin and the point -3523,8423 is

y-0=8423-0-3523-0x-0y=84-35xy=-125x12x+5y=0

Let d be the perpendicular distance of the line 12x + 5y = 0 from the point (4, −7)

d=48-35122+52=1313=1

Page No 23.108:

Question 7:

What are the points on X-axis whose perpendicular distance from the straight line xa+yb=1 is a?

Answer:

Let (t, 0) be a point on the x-axis.

It is given that the perpendicular distance of the line xa+yb=1 from a point is a.

ta+0-11a2+1b2=aa21a2+1b2=t2a2+1-2ta1+a2b2=t2a2+1-2taa2b2=t2a2-2ta

b2t2-2ab2t-a4=0t=2ab2±2a2b4+b2a42b2t=abb±a2+b2

Hence, the required points on the x-axis are abb-a2+b2,0 and abb+a2+b2,0.

Page No 23.108:

Question 8:

Show that the product of perpendiculars on the line xa cos θ+yb sin θ=1 from the points (±a2-b2,0) is b2.

Answer:

Let d1 and d2 be the perpendicular distances of line xa cos θ+yb sin θ=1 from points a2-b2,0 and -a2-b2,0, respectively.



d1=a2-b2acosθ-1cos2θa2+sin2θb2=b a2-b2cosθ-aa2sin2θ+b2cos2θ

Similarly,

d1=-a2-b2acosθ-1cos2θa2+sin2θb2=b -a2-b2cosθ-aa2sin2θ+b2cos2θ=b a2-b2cosθ+aa2sin2θ+b2cos2θ

Now,

d1d2=b a2-b2cosθ-aa2sin2θ+b2cos2θ×b a2-b2cosθ+aa2sin2θ+b2cos2θd1d2=b2 a2-b2cos2θ-a2a2sin2θ+b2cos2θd1d2=b2 a2cos2θ-1-b2cos2θa2sin2θ+b2cos2θd1d2=b2-a2sin2θ-b2cos2θa2sin2θ+b2cos2θ=b2a2sin2θ+b2cos2θa2sin2θ+b2cos2θ=b2

Page No 23.108:

Question 9:

Find the perpendicular distance from the origin of the perpendicular from the point (1, 2) upon the straight line x-3y+4=0.

Answer:

The equation of the line perpendicular to x-3y+4=0 is3x+y+λ=0.
This line passes through (1, 2).

3+2+λ=0λ=-3-2

Substituting the value of λ, we get 3x+y-3-2=0

Let d be the perpendicular distance from the origin to the line 3x+y-3-2=0

d=0-0-3-21+3=3+22

Hence, the required perpendicular distance is 3+22

Page No 23.108:

Question 10:

Find the distance of the point (1, 2) from the straight line with slope 5 and passing through the point of intersection of x + 2y = 5 and x − 3y = 7.

Answer:

To find the point intersection of the lines x + 2y = 5 and x − 3y = 7, let us solve them.

x-14-15=y-5+7=1-3-2x=295, y=-25

So, the equation of the line passing through 295,-25 with slope 5 is

y+25=5x-2955y+2=25x-14525x-5y-147=0

Let d be the perpendicular distance from the point (1, 2) to the line 25x-5y-147=0

d=25-10-147252+52=132526

Hence, the required perpendicular distance is 132526

Page No 23.108:

Question 11:

What are the points on y-axis whose distance from the line x3+y4=1 is 4 units?

Answer:

Let (0, t) be a point on the y-axis.

It is given that the perpendicular distance of the line x3+y4=1 from the point (0, t) is 4 units.

0+t4-1132+142=4t-4=4×4×53×4t-4=203

t-4=±203t=4±203t=4+203, 4-203t=323, -83

Hence, the required points on the y-axis are 0,323 and 0,-83

Page No 23.108:

Question 12:

In the triangle ABC with vertices A (2, 3), B (4, −1) and C (1, 2), find the equation and the length of the altitude from the vertex A.

Answer:

Equation of side BC:

y+1=2+11-4x-4x+y-3=0

The equation of the altitude that is perpendicular to x+y-3=0 is x-y+λ=0.

Line x-y+λ=0 passes through (2, 3).

2-3+λ=0λ=1

Thus, the equation of the altitude from the vertex A (2, 3) is x-y+1=0.

Let d be the length of the altitude from A (2, 3).

d=2+3-312+12d=2

Hence, the required distance is 2.

Page No 23.108:

Question 13:

Show that the path of a moving point such that its distances from two lines 3x − 2y = 5 and 3x + 2y = 5 are equal is a straight line.

Answer:

Let P(h, k) be the moving point such that it is equidistant from the lines 3x − 2y = 5 and 3x + 2y = 5

3h-2k-532+22=3h+2k-532+223h-2k-5=3h+2k-53h-2k-5=±3h+2k-53h-2k-5=3h+2k-5 and 3h-2k-5=-3h+2k-5k=0 and 3h=5

Hence, the path of the moving points are 3x=5 or y=0 These are straight lines.

Page No 23.108:

Question 14:

If sum of perpendicular distances of a variable point P (x, y) from the lines x + y − 5 = 0 and 3x − 2y + 7 = 0 is always 10. Show that P must move on a line.

Answer:

It is given that the sum of perpendicular distances of a variable point P (x, y) from the lines x + y − 5 = 0 and 3x − 2y + 7 = 0 is always 10

x+y-512+12+3x-2y+732+22=10x+y-52+3x-2y+713=10
32+13x+13-22y+72-513-1026=0It is a straight line.

Page No 23.108:

Question 15:

If the length of the perpendicular from the point (1, 1) to the line axby + c = 0 be unity, show that 1c+1a-1b=c2ab.

Answer:

The distance of the point (1, 1) from the straight line axby + c = 0 is 1

 1=a-b+ca2+b2a2+b2+c2-2ab+2ac-2bc=a2+b2ab+bc-ac=c22

Dividing both the sides by abc, we get:

1c+1a-1b=c2ab



Page No 23.114:

Question 1:

Determine the distance between the following pair of parallel lines:
(i) 4x − 3y − 9 = 0 and 4x − 3y − 24 = 0
(ii) 8x + 15y − 34 = 0 and 8x + 15y + 31 = 0
(iii) y = mx + c and y = mx + d
(iv) 4x + 3y − 11 = 0 and 8x + 6y = 15

Answer:

(i) The parallel lines are

4x − 3y − 9 = 0            ... (1)

4x − 3y − 24 = 0          ... (2)

Let d be the distance between the given lines.

d=-9+2442+-32=155=3 units

(ii)  The parallel lines are

8x + 15y − 34 = 0            ... (1)

8x + 15y + 31 = 0            ... (2)

Let d be the distance between the given lines.

d=-34-3182+152=6517 units

(iii) The given parallel lines can be written as

mx − y +c = 0            ... (1)

mx − y +d = 0            ... (2)

Let d be the distance between the given lines.

d=c-dm2+1

(iv) The given parallel lines can be written as

4x + 3y − 11 = 0            ... (1)

4x+3y-152=0                ... (2)

Let d be the distance between the given lines.

d=-11+15242+32=72×5=710 units

Page No 23.114:

Question 2:

The equations of two sides of a square are 5x − 12y − 65 = 0 and 5x − 12y + 26 = 0. Find the area of the square.

Answer:

The sides of a square are

5x − 12y − 65 = 0            ... (1)

5x − 12y + 26 = 0            ... (2)

We observe that lines (1) and (2) are parallel. So, the distance between them will give the length of the side of the square.

Let d be the distance between the given lines.

d=-65-2652+-122=9113=7

∴ Area of the square = 72
                                   = 49 square units

Page No 23.114:

Question 3:

Find the equation of two straight lines which are parallel to x + 7y + 2 = 0 and at unit distance from the point (1, −1).

Answer:

The equation of given line is

x + 7y + 2 = 0        ... (1)

The equation of a line parallel to line x + 7y + 2 = 0 is given below:

x+7y+λ=0              ... (2)

The line x+7y+λ=0 is at a unit distance from the point (1, −1).

1=1-7+λ1+49λ-6=±52λ=6+52, 6-52

Required lines:

x+7y+6+52=0 and x+7y+6-52=0.

Page No 23.114:

Question 4:

Prove that the lines 2x + 3y = 19 and 2x + 3y + 7 = 0 are equidistant from the line 2x + 3y = 6.

Answer:

Let d1 be the distance between lines 2x + 3y = 19 and 2x + 3y = 6,
while d2 is the distance between lines 2x + 3y + 7 = 0 and 2x + 3y = 6

d1=-19--622+32 and d2=7--622+32d1=-1313 =13 and d2=1313=13

Hence, the lines 2x + 3y = 19 and 2x + 3y + 7 = 0 are equidistant from the line 2x + 3y = 6

Page No 23.114:

Question 5:

Find the equation of the line mid-way between the parallel lines 9x + 6y − 7 = 0 and 3x + 2y + 6 = 0.

Answer:

The given equations of the lines can be written as:

3x+2y-73=0           ... (1)

3x + 2y + 6 = 0        ... (2)

Let the equation of the line midway between the parallel lines (1) and (2) be

3x+2y+λ=0              ... (3)

The distance between (1) and (3) and the distance between (2) and (3) are equal.

-73-λ32+22=6-λ32+22-λ+73=6-λ6-λ=λ+73λ=116

Equation of the required line:
3x+2y+116=018x+12y+11=0

Page No 23.114:

Question 6:

Find the ratio in which the line 3x + 4y + 2 = 0 divides the distance between the line 3x + 4y + 5 = 0 and 3x + 4y − 5 = 0 [NCERT EXEMPLAR]

Answer:

Here, in all equations the coefficient of x is same.
It means all the lines have same slope
So, all the lines are parallel.
Now, the distance between the line 3x + 4y + 2 = 0 and 3x + 4y + 5 = 0 is given by
2-532+42=325=35
Again, the distance between the line 3x + 4y + 2 = 0 and 3x + 4y − 5 = 0 is given by
2+532+42=725=75
Hence, the ratio is given by
35 : 75=3 : 7
 



Page No 23.117:

Question 1:

Prove that the area of the parallelogram formed by the lines a1x + b1y + c1 = 0, a1x + b1y + d1 = 0, a2x + b2y + c2 = 0, a2x + b2y + d2 = 0 is
d1-c1d2-c2a1b2-a2b1 sq. units.
Deduce the condition for these lines to form a rhombus.

Answer:

The given lines are

a1x + b1y + c1 = 0      ... (1)

a1x + b1y + d1 = 0      ... (2)

a2x + b2y + c2 = 0      ... (3)

a2x + b2y + d2 = 0      ... (4)

The area of the parallelogram formed by the lines a1x + b1y + c1 = 0, a1x + b1y + d1 = 0, a2x + b2y + c2 = 0 and a2x + b2y + d2 = 0 is given below:

Area=c1-d1c2-d2a1a2b1b2

a1a2b1b2=a1b2-a2b1

Area=c1-d1c2-d2a1b2-a2b1=d1-c1d2-c2a1b2-a2b1      

If the given parallelogram is a rhombus, then the distance between the pair of parallel lines are equal.

 c1-d1a12+b12=c2-d2a22+b22

Page No 23.117:

Question 2:

Prove that the area of the parallelogram formed by the lines 3x − 4y + a = 0, 3x − 4y + 3a = 0, 4x − 3y − a = 0 and 4x − 3y − 2a = 0 is 27a2 sq. units.

Answer:

The given lines are

3x − 4y + a = 0        ... (1)

3x − 4y + 3a = 0      ... (2)

4x − 3ya = 0        ... (3)

4x − 3y − 2a = 0      ... (4)



Area of the parallelogram=c1-d1c2-d2a1b2-a2b1Area of the parallelogram=a-3a2a-a-9+16=2a27square units 

Page No 23.117:

Question 3:

Show that the diagonals of the parallelogram whose sides are lx + my + n = 0, lx + my + n' = 0, mx + ly + n = 0 and mx + ly + n' = 0 include an angle π/2.

Answer:

The given lines are

lx + my + n = 0        ... (1)

mx + ly + n' = 0       ... (2)

lx + my + n' = 0       ... (3)

mx + ly + n = 0        ... (4)



Solving (1) and (2), we get,

Bmn'-lnl2-m2, mn-ln'l2-m2

Solving (2) and (3), we get,

C-n'm+l, -n'm+l

Solving (3) and (4), we get,

Dmn-ln'l2-m2, mn'-lnl2-m2

Solving (1) and (4), we get,

A-nm+l, -nm+l

Let m1 and m2 be the slope of AC and BD.

m1=-n'm+l+nm+l-n'm+l+nm+l=1



and m2=mn'-lnl2-m2-mn-ln'l2-m2mn-ln'l2-m2-mn'-lnl2-m2    =mn'-ln-mn+ln'mn-ln'-mn'+ln    =-1

m1m2=-1

Hence, diagonals of the parallelogram intersect at an angle π2.



Page No 23.12:

Question 1:

Find the slopes of the lines which make the following angles with the positive direction of x-axis:
(i) -π4

(ii) 2π3

(iii) 3π4

(iv) π3

Answer:

(i) θ=-π4

 Slope of the line=m=tanθSlope of the line=tan-π4=-tanπ4=-1

Hence, the slope of the line is -1.

(ii) θ=2π3

 Slope of the line=m=tanθSlope of the line=tan2π3=-tanπ3=-3

Hence, the slope of the line is -3.

(iii) θ=3π4

 Slope of the line=m=tanθSlope of the line=tan3π4=-tanπ4=-1

Hence, the slope of the line is -1.

(iv) θ=π3

 Slope of the line=m=tanθSlope of the line=tanπ3=3

Hence, the slope of the line is 3.



Page No 23.124:

Question 1:

Find the equation of the straight lines passing through the origin and making an angle of 45° with the straight line 3x+y=11.

Answer:

We know that, the equations of two lines passing through a point x1,y1 and making an angle α with the given line y = mx + c are

y-y1=m±tanα1mtanαx-x1

Here,
x1=0, y1=0, α=45 and m=-3

So, the equations of the required lines are

y-0=-3+tan451+3tan45x-0 and y-0=-3-tan451-3tan45x-0y=-3+11+3x and y=3+13-1xy=-3+1-233-1x and y=3+1+233-1xy=3-2x and y=3+2x

Page No 23.124:

Question 2:

Find the equations to the straight lines which pass through the origin and are inclined at an angle of 75° to the straight line x+y+3y-x=a.

Answer:

We know that the equations of two lines passing through a point x1,y1 and making an angle α with the given line y = mx + c are

y-y1=m±tanα1mtanαx-x1

Here,
Equation of the given line is,x+y+3y-x=a3+1y=3-1x+ay=3-13+1x+a3+1Comparing this equation with y=mx+cwe get,m=3-13+1
 x1=0, y1=0, α=75, m=3-13+1=2-3 
and tan75=2+3

So, the equations of the required lines are

y-0=2-3+tan751-2-3tan75x-0 and y-0=2-3-tan751+2-3tan75x-0y=2-3+2+31-2-32+3x and y=2-3-2-31+2-32+3xy=41-1x and y=-3xx=0 and 3x+y=0

Page No 23.124:

Question 3:

Find the equations of the straight lines passing through (2, −1) and making an angle of 45° with the line 6x + 5y − 8 = 0.

Answer:

We know that the equations of two lines passing through a point x1,y1 and making an angle α with the given line y = mx + c are

y-y1=m±tanα1mtanαx-x1

Here,
Equation of the given line is,6x+5y-8=05y=-6x+8y=-65x+85Comparing this equation with y=mx+cwe get,m=-65

x1=2, y1=-1, α=45, m=-65

So, the equations of the required lines are

y+1=-65+tan451+65tan45x-2 and y+1=-65-tan451-65tan45x-2y+1=-65+11+65x-2 and y+1=-65-11-65x-2y+1=-111x-2 and y+1=-11-1x-2x+11y+9=0 and 11x-y-23=0

Page No 23.124:

Question 4:

Find the equations to the straight lines which pass through the point (h, k) and are inclined at angle tan−1 m to the straight line y = mx + c.

Answer:

We know that the equations of two lines passing through a point x1,y1 and making an angle α with the given line y = m'x + c are

y-y1=m'±tanα1m'tanαx-x1

Here,
x1=h, y1=k, α=tan-1m, m'=m.

So, the equations of the required lines are

y-k=m+m1-m2x-h and y-k=m-m1+m2x-hy-k=2m1-m2x-h and y-k=0y-k1-m2=2mx-h and y=k



Page No 23.125:

Question 5:

Find the equations to the straight lines passing through the point (2, 3) and inclined at and angle of 45° to the line 3x + y − 5 = 0.

Answer:

We know that the equations of two lines passing through a point x1,y1 and making an angle α with the given line y = mx + c are

y-y1=m±tanα1mtanαx-x1

Here,
Equation of the given line is,3x+y-5=0y=-3x+5Comparing this equation with y=mx+cwe get,m=-3
x1=2, y1=3, α=45, m=-3.

So, the equations of the required lines are

y-3=-3+tan451+3tan45x-2 and y-3=-3-tan451-3tan45x-2y-3=-3+11+3x-2 and y-3=-3-11-3x-2y-3=-12x-2 and y-3=2x-2x+2y-8=0 and 2x-y-1=0

Page No 23.125:

Question 6:

Find the equations to the sides of an isosceles right angled triangle the equation of whose hypotenues is 3x + 4y = 4 and the opposite vertex is the point (2, 2).

Answer:

Here , we are given ABC is an isosceles right angled triangle .A+B+ C=180°90°+B+B=180°B=45°, C=45°


Now, we have to find the equations of the sides AB and AC, where 3x + 4y = 4 is the equation of the hypotenuse BC.

We know that the equations of two lines passing through a point x1,y1 and making an angle α with the given line y = mx + c are

y-y1=m±tanα1mtanαx-x1

Here,
Equation of the given line is,3x+4y=44y=-3x+4y=-34x+1Comparing this equation with y=mx+cwe get,m=-34
x1=2, y1=2, α=45, m=-34

So, the equations of the required lines are

y-2=-34+tan451+34tan45x-2 and y-2=-34-tan451-34tan45x-2y-2=-34+11+34x-2 and y-2=-34-11-34x-2y-2=17x-2 and y-2=-71x-2x-7y+12=0 and 7x+y-16=0

Page No 23.125:

Question 7:

The equation of one side of an equilateral triangle is xy = 0 and one vertex is (2+3, 5). Prove that a second side is y+(2-3) x=6 and find the equation of the third side.

Answer:

Let A2+3,5 be the vertex of the equilateral triangle ABC and xy = 0 be the equation of BC.


Here, we have to find the equations of sides AB and AC, each of which makes an angle of 60 with the line xy = 0

We know the equations of two lines passing through a point x1,y1 and making an angle α with the line whose slope is m.

y-y1=m±tanα1mtanαx-x1

Here,
x1=2+3, y1=5, α=60, m=1

So, the equations of the required sides are

y-5=1+tan601-tan60x-2-3 and y-5=1-tan601+tan60x-2-3y-5=-2+3x-2-3 and y-5=-2-3x-2-3y-5=-2+3x+2+32 and y-5=-2-3x+2-32+32+3x+y=2+43 and 2-3x+y-6=0

Hence, the second side is y+(2-3) x=6 and the equation of the third side is 2+3x+y=12+43

Page No 23.125:

Question 8:

Find the equations of the two straight lines through (1, 2) forming two sides of a square of which 4x + 7y = 12 is one diagonal.

Answer:

Let A (1, 2) be the vertex of square ABCD and BD be one diagonal, whose equation is 4x + 7y = 12



Here, we have to find the equations of sides AB and AD, each of which makes an angle of 45 with line 4x + 7y = 12

We know the equations of two lines passing through a point x1,y1 and making an angle α with the line whose slope is m.

y-y1=m±tanα1mtanαx-x1

Here,
Equation of the given line is4x+7y=9y=-47x+94
 x1=1, y1=2, α=45, m=-47

So, the equations of the required sides are

y-2=-47+tan451+47tan45x-1 and y-2=-47-tan451-47tan45x-1y-2=-47+11+47x-1 and y-2=-47-11-47x-1y-2=311x-1 and y-2=-113x-13x-11y+19=0 and 11x+3y-17=0

Page No 23.125:

Question 9:

Find the equations of two straight lines passing through (1, 2) and making an angle of 60° with the line x + y = 0. Find also the area of the triangle formed by the three lines.

Answer:

Let A(1, 2) be the vertex of the triangle ABC and x + y = 0 be the equation of BC.



Here, we have to find the equations of sides AB and AC, each of which makes an angle of 60 with the line x + y = 0.

We know the equations of two lines passing through a point x1,y1 and making an angle α with the line whose slope is m.

y-y1=m±tanα1mtanαx-x1

Here,
x1=1, y1=2, α=60, m=-1

So, the equations of the required sides are

y-2=-1+tan601+tan60x-1 and y-2=-1-tan601-tan60x-1y-2=3-13+1x-1 and y-2=3+13-1x-1y-2=2-3x-1 and y-2=2+3x-1


Solving x + y = 0 and y-2=2-3x-1, we get:

x=-3+12, y=3+12

B-3+12, 3+12 or C3-12, -3-12



AB = BC = AD = =6 units

Area of the required triangle = 3×624=332 square units

Page No 23.125:

Question 10:

Two sides of an isosceles triangle are given by the equations 7xy + 3 = 0 and x + y − 3 = 0 and its third side passes through the point (1, −10). Determine the equation of the third side.

Answer:

Let ABC be the isosceles triangle, where 7xy + 3 = 0 and x + y − 3 = 0 represent the sides AB and AC, respectively.
Let AB = BC

AB = BC

tan B = tan C

Here,

Slope of AB = 7

Slope of AC = −1

Let m be the slope of BC.

Then, m-71+7m=m+11-m=m+1m-1m-71+7m=±m+1m-1

Taking the positive sign, we get:

m2-8m+7=7m2+8m+1m+3m-13=0m=-3, 13

Now, taking the negative sign, we get:

m-7m-1=-7m+1m+1m2-8m+7=-7m2-8m-1m2=-1 (not possible)

Equations of the third side is

y+10=-3x-1 and y+10=13x-13x+y+7=0 and x-3y-31=0

Page No 23.125:

Question 11:

Show that the point (3, −5) lies between the parallel lines 2x + 3y − 7 = 0 and 2x + 3y + 12 = 0 and find the equation of lines through (3, −5) cutting the above lines at an angle of 45°.

Answer:

We observe that (0,−4) lies on the line 2x + 3y + 12 = 0
If (3, −5) lies between the lines 2x + 3y − 7 = 0 and 2x + 3y + 12 = 0, then we have,

ax1+by1+c1ax2+by2+c1>0

Here, x1=0, y1=-4, x2=3, y2=-5, a=2, b=3 and c1=-7

Now,

ax1+by1+c1ax2+by2+c1=2×0-3×4-72×3-3×5-7ax1+by1+c1ax2+by2+c2=-19×-16>0

Thus, point (3,−5) lies between the given parallel lines.

The equation of the lines passing through (3,−5) and making an angle of 45° with the given parallel lines is given below:

y-y1=m±tanα1mtanαx-x1

Here, x1=3, y1=-5, α=45and m=-23

y+5=-23±tan451-23tan45x-3y+5=-23+11+23x-3 and y+5=-23-11-23x-3y+5=15x-3 and y+5=-5x-3x-5y-28=0 and 5x+y-10=0

Page No 23.125:

Question 12:

The equation of the base of an equilateral triangle is x + y = 2 and its vertex is (2, −1). Find the length and equations of its sides.

Answer:

Let A (2, −1) be the vertex of the equilateral triangle ABC and x + y = 2 be the equation of BC.



Here, we have to find the equations of the sides AB and AC, each of which makes an angle of 60 with the line x + y = 2

The equations of two lines passing through point x1,y1 and making an angle α with the line whose slope is m is given below:

y-y1=m±tanα1mtanαx-x1

Here,
x1=2, y1=-1, α=60, m=-1

So, the equations of the required sides are

y+1=-1+tan601+tan60x-2 and y+1=-1-tan601-tan60x-2y+1=-1+31+3x-2 and y+1=-1-31-3x-2y+1=2-3x-2 and y+1=2+3x-2


Solving x + y = 2 and y+1=2-3x-2, we get:

x=15+36, y=-3+36

B15+36, -3+36 or C15-36, -3-36

AB = BC = AD = =23
Equations of its sides are given below: 2-3x-y-5+23=0 , 2+3x-y-5-23=0

Page No 23.125:

Question 13:

If two opposite vertices of a square are (1, 2) and (5, 8), find the coordinates of its other two vertices and the equations of its sides.

Answer:


Slope of AC = 8-25-1=32



The sides AB and AD pass through the point A(1,2) and make an angle of 45 with AC whose slope is 32.

Equations of AB and AD are given by

y-2=32±tan45132tan45x-1

y-2=3±223x-1

y-2=-5x-1 and y-2=15x-15x+y-7=0 and x-5y+9=0

Thus, the equations of AB and AD are 5x+y-7=0 and x-5y+9=0, respectively.

Since BC is parallel to AD, the equation of BC is  x-5y+λ=0.

This line passes through C (5,8).

5-40+λ=0λ=35

So, the equation of BC is x-5y+35=0.

Since CD is parallel to AB, the equation of CD is 5x+y+λ=0.

This line passes through C (5, 8).

25+8+λ=0λ=-33

So, the equation of CD is 5x+y-33=0.

Solving equation of AB and BC, we get B as (0, 7).

Solving equation of AD and CD, we get D as (6, 3).


Hence, the other two vertices are (0, 7) and (6, 3).



Page No 23.13:

Question 2:

Find the slope of a line passing through the following points:
(i) (−3, 2) and (1, 4)
(ii) (at12, 2 at1) and (at22, 2 at2)
(iii) (3, −5), and (1, 2)

Answer:

(i) (−3, 2) and (1, 4)

Let m be the slope of the given line.

 m=y2-y1x2-x1m=4-21+3=24=12

Hence, the slope of the line passing through the points (−3, 2) and (1, 4) is 12.

(ii) (at12, 2at1) and (at22, 2at2)

Let m be the slope of the given line.

 m=y2-y1x2-x1m=2at2-2at1at22-at12=2t2-t1t2-t1t2+t1=2t1+t2

Hence, the slope of the line passing through the points (at12, 2at1) and (at22, 2at2) is 2t1+t2.

(iii) (3, −5), and (1, 2)

Let m be the slope of the given line.

 m=y2-y1x2-x1m=2+51-3=-72

Hence, the slope of the line passing through the points (3, −5), and (1, 2) is -72.

Page No 23.13:

Question 3:


State whether the two lines in each of the following are parallel, perpendicular or neither.
(i) Through (5, 6) and (2, 3); through (9, −2) and (6, −5)
(ii) Through (9, 5) and (−1, 1); through (3, −5) and (8, −3)
(iii) Through (6, 3) and (1, 1); through (−2, 5) and (2, −5)
(iv) Through (3, 15) and (16, 6); through (−5, 3) and (8, 2).

Answer:

(i) Through (5, 6) and (2, 3); through (9, −2) and (6, −5)

Let m1 be the slope of the line joining (5, 6) and (2, 3) and m2 be the slope of the line joining (9, −2) and (6, −5).

 m1=y2-y1x2-x1=3-62-5=-3-3=1 and m2=y2-y1x2-x1=-5+26-9=-3-3=1

Since, m1=m2

Therefore, the given lines are parallel.

(ii) Through (9, 5) and (−1, 1); through (3, −5) and (8, −3)

Let m1 be the slope of the line joining (9, 5) and (−1, 1) and m2 be the slope of the line joining (3, −5) and (8, −3).

 m1=y2-y1x2-x1=1-5-1-9=-4-10=25 and m2=y2-y1x2-x1=-3+58-3=25

Since, m1=m2

Therefore, the given lines are parallel.

(iii) Through (6, 3) and (1, 1); through (−2, 5) and (2, −5).

Let m1 be the slope of the line joining (6, 3) and (1, 1) and m2 be the slope of the line joining (−2, 5) and (2, −5).

 m1=y2-y1x2-x1=1-31-6=-2-5=25 and m2=y2-y1x2-x1=-5-52+2=-104=-52

Now, m1m2=25×-52=-1Since,  m1m2=-1

Therefore, the given lines are perpendicular.

(iv) Through (3, 15) and (16, 6); through (−5, 3) and (8, 2).

Let m1 be the slope of the line joining (3, 15) and (16, 6) and m2 be the slope of the line joining (−5, 3) and (8, 2).

 m1=y2-y1x2-x1=6-1516-3=-913 and m2=y2-y1x2-x1=2-38+5=-113

Now, m1m2=-913×-113=9169Since, m1m2-1 and m1m2

Therefore, the given lines are neither parallel nor perpendicular.

Page No 23.13:

Question 4:

Find the slope of a line (i) which bisects the first quadrant angle (ii) which makes an angle of 30° with the positive direction of y-axis measured anticlockwise.

Answer:

(i) We know that the angle between the coordinate axes is π2.

The line bisects the first quadrant angle.

Inclination of the line with the positive x-axis = 12π2=π4

 Slope of the line=tanπ4=1

(ii) The line makes an angle of 30 with the positive direction of the y-axis measured anticlockwise



Since the line makes an angle of 30 with the positive direction of the y-axis measured anticlockwise,
it makes an angle of 90+30=120 with the positive direction of the x-axis measured anticlockwise.

 Slope of the line=tan120=-tan60=-3

Page No 23.13:

Question 5:

Using the method of slope, show that the following points are collinear
(i) A (4, 8), B (5, 12), C (9, 28)
(ii) A (16, − 18), B (3, −6), C (−10, 6)

Answer:

(i) A (4, 8), B (5, 12), C (9, 28)

Slope of AB = y2-y1x2-x1=12-85-4=41=4

Slope of BC = y2-y1x2-x1=28-129-5=164=4

Since, Slope of AB = Slope of BC = 4

Therefore, the given points are collinear.

(ii) A (16, − 18), B (3, −6), C (−10, 6)

Slope of AB = y2-y1x2-x1=-6+183-16=-1213

Slope of BC = y2-y1x2-x1=6+6-10-3=-1213

Since, Slope of AB = Slope of BC = -1213

Therefore, the given points are collinear.

Page No 23.13:

Question 6:

What is the value of y so that the line through (3, y)  and (2, 7) is parallel to the line through (−1, 4) and (0, 6)?

Answer:

Let m1 be the slope of the line passing through (3, y)  and (2, 7) and m2 be the slope of the line passing through (−1, 4) and (0, 6).

 m1=y2-y1x2-x1=7-y2-3=7-y-1=y-7 and m2=y2-y1x2-x1=6-40+1=21=2

For both the lines to be parallel, we must have,

m1=m2y-7=2  y=9

Hence, the value of y is 9.

Page No 23.13:

Question 7:

What can be said regarding a line if its slope is
(i) zero
(ii) positive
(iii) negative?

Answer:

(i) zero

If the slope of a line is zero, then the line is either the x-axis itself or it is parallel to the x-axis.

(ii) positive

We know that the value of tanθ is positive for the value of θ in the first quadrant. Therefore, the line makes an acute angle with the positive direction of the x-axis.

(iii) negative

We know that the value of tanθ is negative for the value of θ in the second quadrant. Therefore, the line makes an obtuse angle with the positive direction of the x-axis.

Page No 23.13:

Question 8:

Show that the line joining (2, −3) and (−5, 1) is parallel to the line joining (7, −1) and (0, 3).

Answer:

Let m1 be the slope of the line joining the points (2, −3) and (−5, 1) and m2 be the slope of the line joining the points (7, −1) and (0, 3).

 m1=y2-y1x2-x1=1+3-5-2=-47 and m2=y2-y1x2-x1=3+10-7=-47

Since, m1 = m2
Hence, the line joining (2, −3) and (−5, 1) is parallel to the line joining (7, −1) and (0, 3).

Page No 23.13:

Question 9:

Show that the line joining (2, −5) and (−2, 5) is perpendicular to the line joining (6, 3) and (1, 1).

Answer:

Let m1 be the slope of the line joining the points (2, −5) and (−2, 5) and m2 be the slope of the line joining the points (6, 3) and (1, 1).

 m1=y2-y1x2-x1=5+5-2-2=10-4=-52 and m2=y2-y1x2-x1=1-31-6=-2-5=25

Now, m1m2=-52×25=-1Since, m1m2=-1

Hence, the line joining (2, −5) and (−2, 5) is perpendicular to the line joining (6, 3) and (1, 1).

Page No 23.13:

Question 10:

Without using Pythagoras theorem, show that the points A (0, 4), B (1, 2) and C (3, 3) are the vertices of a right angled triangle.

Answer:

We have, A (0, 4), B (1, 2) and C (3, 3)
Now,
m1=Slope of AB=2-41-0=-2

m2=Slope of BC=3-23-1=12

m3=Slope of CA=4-30-3=-13

m1m2=-2×12=-1

Therefore, AB is perpendicular to BC, i.e. ABC=90.

Thus, the given points are the vertices of a right angled triangle.

Page No 23.13:

Question 11:

Prove that the points (−4, −1), (−2, −4), (4, 0) and (2, 3) are the vertices of a rectangle.

Answer:

Let A (−4, −1), B (−2, −4), C (4, 0) and D (2, 3) be the given points.

Let us find the lengths of AB, BC, CD and DA

AB=-2+42+-4+12=13BC=4+22+0+42=213CD=2-42+3-02=13DA=2+42+3+12=213

AB = CD and BC = DA

Now, we have,
m1=Slope of AB=-4+1-2+4=-32m2=Slope of BC=0+44+2=46=23m3=Slope of CD=3-02-4=-32

Here, m1m2=-3223=-1 and m1=m3

Therefore, we have,
AB = CD
BC = DA
ABBC

And, AB is parallel to DC.

Hence, the given points are the vertices of a rectangle.

Page No 23.13:

Question 12:

If three points A (h, 0), P (a, b) and B (0, k) lie on a line, show that: ah+bk=1.

Answer:

The given points are A (h, 0), P (a, b) and B (0, k).
Thus, we have,

Slope of AP=b-0a-hSlope of BP=b-ka-0

For the given points to be collinear, we must have,

Slope of AP = Slope of BP

b-0a-h=b-ka-0ba-h=b-kaab=ab-ak-bh+hkak+bh=hkah+bk=1     On dividing both sides by hk

Page No 23.13:

Question 13:

The slope of a line is double of the slope of another line. If tangents of the angle between them is 13, find the slopes of the other line.

Answer:

Let m1 and m2 be the slopes of the given lines.

 m2=2m1

Let θ be the angle between the given lines.

 tanθ=m2-m11+m1m213=2m1-m11+2m12=m11+2m12m11+2m12=±13

Taking the positive sign, we get,

3m1=1+2m122m12-3m1+1=02m1-1m1-1=0m1=12, 1

Taking the negative sign, we get,

-3m1=1+2m122m12+3m1+1=02m1+1m1+1=0m1=-12, -1

Hence, the slopes of the other line are  ±12, ±1.

Page No 23.13:

Question 14:

Consider the following population and year graph:
Find the slope of the line AB and using it, find what will be the population in the year 2010.
 

Answer:



The graph shown is a line.

 Slope of AB=97-921995-1985=510=12

The points A, B and C lie on the same line.

 Slope of BC=Slope of ABP-972010-1995=12P-97=2010-19952P=97+7.5P=104.5

Hence, the population in the year 2010 was 104.50 crores.



Page No 23.130:

Question 1:

Find the equation of a straight line through the point of intersection of the lines 4x − 3y = 0 and 2x − 5y + 3 = 0 and parallel to 4x + 5y + 6 = 0.

Answer:

The equation of the straight line passing through the points of intersection of 4x − 3y = 0 and 2x − 5y + 3 = 0 is given below:

4x − 3yλ (2x − 5y + 3) = 0

(4 + 2λ)x + (−3 − 5λ)y + 3λ = 0

y=4+2λ3+5λx+3λ3+5λ

The required line is parallel to 4x + 5y + 6 = 0 or, y=-45x-65
4+2λ3+5λ=-45λ=-1615

Hence, the required equation is


4-3215x-3-8015y-4815=028x+35y-48=0

Page No 23.130:

Question 2:

Find the equation of a straight line passing through the point of intersection of x + 2y + 3 = 0 and 3x + 4y + 7 = 0 and perpendicular to the straight line xy + 9 =0

Answer:

The equation of the straight line passing through the points of intersection of x + 2y + 3 = 0 and 3x + 4y + 7 = 0 is

x + 2y + 3 + λ(3x + 4y + 7) = 0

(1 + 3λ)x + (2 + 4λ)y + 3 + 7λ = 0

y=-1+3λ2+4λx-3+7λ2+4λ

The required line is perpendicular to xy + 9 = 0 or, y = x + 9

-1+3λ2+4λ×1=-1λ=-1

Required equation is given below:

(1 − 3)x + (2 − 4)y + 3 − 7 = 0

x + y + 2 = 0

Page No 23.130:

Question 3:

Find the equation of the line passing through the point of intersection of 2x − 7y + 11 = 0 and x + 3y − 8 = 0 and is parallel to (i) x-axis (ii) y-axis.

Answer:

The equation of the straight line passing through the points of intersection of 2x − 7y + 11 = 0 and x + 3y − 8 = 0 is given below:

2x − 7y + 11 + λ(x + 3y − 8) = 0

(2 + λ)x + (−7 + 3λ)y + 11 − 8λ = 0


(i) The required line is parallel to the x-axis. So, the coefficient of x should be zero.

2+λ=0λ=-2

Hence, the equation of the required line is

0 + (−7 − 6)y + 11 + 16 = 0

13y − 27 = 0

(ii) The required line is parallel to the y-axis. So, the coefficient of y should be zero.

-7+3λ=0λ=73

Hence, the equation of the required line is

2+73x+0+11-8×73=013x-23=0

Page No 23.130:

Question 4:

Find the equation of the straight line passing through the point of intersection of 2x + 3y + 1 = 0 and 3x − 5y − 5 = 0 and equally inclined to the axes.

Answer:

The equation of the straight line passing through the points of intersection of 2x + 3y + 1 = 0 and 3x − 5y − 5 = 0 is

2x + 3y + 1 + λ(3x − 5y − 5) = 0

(2 + 3λ)x + (3 − 5λ)y + 1 − 5λ = 0
 y=-2+3λ3-5λ-1-5λ3-5λ

The required line is equally inclined to the axes. So, the slope of the required line is either 1 or −1.

-2+3λ3-5λ=1 and -2+3λ3-5λ= -1-2-3λ=3-5λ and 2+3λ=3-5λλ=52 and  18

Substituting the values of λ in (2 + 3λ)x + (3 − 5λ)y + 1 − 5λ = 0, we get the equations of the required lines.

2+152x+3-252y+1-252=0 and 2+38x+3-58y+1-58=019x-19y-23=0 and 19x+19y+3=0

 



Page No 23.131:

Question 5:

Find the equation of the straight line drawn through the point of intersection of the lines x + y = 4 and 2x − 3y = 1 and perpendicular to the line cutting off intercepts 5, 6 on the axes.

Answer:

The equation of the straight line passing through the point of intersection of x + y = 4 and 2x − 3y = 1 is

x + y − 4 + λ(2x − 3y − 1) = 0

(1 + 2λ)x + (1 − 3λ)y − 4 − λ = 0   ... (1)

y=-1+2λ1-3λx+4+λ1-3λ     

The equation of the line with intercepts 5 and 6 on the axis is

x5+y6=1                                                          ... (2)

The slope of this line is -65.

The lines (1) and (2) are perpendicular.

-65×-1+2λ1-3λ=-1λ=113

Substituting the values of λ in (1), we get the equation of the required line.

1+223x+1-11y-4-113=025x-30y-23=0

 

Page No 23.131:

Question 6:

Prove that the family of lines represented by x (1 + λ) + y (2 − λ) + 5 = 0, λ being arbitrary, pass through a fixed point. Also, find the fixed point.

Answer:

The given family of lines can be written as

x + 2y  + 5 + λ (xy) = 0

This line is of the form L1 + λL2 = 0, which passes through the intersection of L1 = 0 and L2 = 0.
x + 2y  + 5 = 0
xy = 0

Now, solving the lines:
-53,-53
This is a fixed point.

Page No 23.131:

Question 7:

Show that the straight lines given by (2 + k) x + (1 + k) y = 5 + 7k for different values of k pass through a fixed point. Also, find that point.

Answer:

The given straight line (2 + k)x + (1 + k)y = 5 + 7k can be written in the following way:

2x + y − 5 + k (x + y − 7) = 0

This line is of the form L1 + kL2 = 0, which passes through the intersection of the lines
L1 = 0 and L2 = 0, i.e. 2x + y − 5 = 0 and x + y − 7 = 0.

Solving 2x + y − 5 = 0 and x + y − 7 = 0, we get (−2, 9), which is the fixed point.

Page No 23.131:

Question 8:

Find the equation of the straight line passing through the point of intersection of 2x + y − 1 = 0 and x + 3y − 2 = 0 and making with the coordinate axes a triangle of area 38 sq. units.

Answer:

The equation of the straight line passing through the point of intersection of 2x + y − 1 = 0 and x + 3y − 2 = 0 is given below:

2x + y − 1 + λ (x + 3y − 2) = 0

(2 + λ)x + (1 + 3λ)y − 1 − 2λ = 0

x1+2λ2+λ+y1+2λ1+3λ=1

So, the points of intersection of this line with the coordinate axes are 1+2λ2+λ,0 and 0,1+2λ1+3λ.

It is given that the required line makes an area of 38 square units with the coordinate axes.

121+2λ2+λ×1+2λ1+3λ=3833λ2+7λ+2=44λ2+4λ+19λ2+21λ+6=16λ2+16λ+47λ2-5λ-2=0λ=1, -27

Hence, the equations of the required lines are

3x+4y-1-2=0 and 2-27x+1-67y-1+47=03x+4y-3=0 and 12x+y-3=0

Page No 23.131:

Question 9:

Find the equation of the straight line which passes through the point of intersection of the lines 3xy = 5 and x + 3y = 1 and makes equal and positive intercepts on the axes.

Answer:

The equation of the straight line passing through the point of intersection of 3xy = 5 and x + 3y = 1 is

3x− 5 + λ(x + 3y − 1) = 0

(3 + λ)x + (−1 + 3λ)y − 5 − λ = 0        ... (1)
y=-3+λ-1+λx+5+λ-1+λ

The slope of the line that makes equal and positive intercepts on the axis is −1.

From equation (1), we have:

-3+λ-1+3λ=-1λ=2

Substituting the value of λ in (1), we get the equation of the required line.

3+2x+-1+6y-5-2=05x+5y-7=0

 

Page No 23.131:

Question 10:

Find the equations of the lines through the point of intersection of the lines x − 3y + 1 = 0 and 2x + 5y − 9 = 0 and whose distance from the origin is 5.

Answer:

The equation of the straight line passing through the point of intersection of x − 3y + 1 = 0 and 2x + 5y − 9 = 0 is given below:

x − 3y + 1 + λ(2x + 5y − 9) = 0

(1 + 2λ)x + (−3 + 5λ)y + 1 − 9λ = 0        ... (1)

The distance of this line from the origin is 5.

1-9λ1+2λ2+5λ-32=51+81λ2-18λ=145λ2-130λ+5064λ2-112λ+49=08λ-72=0λ=78

Substituting the value of λ in (1), we get the equation of the required line.

1+148x+-3+358y+1-638=022x+11y-55=02x+y-5=0

 

Page No 23.131:

Question 11:

Find the equations of the lines through the point of intersection of the lines xy + 1 = 0 and 2x − 3y + 5 = 0, whose distance from the point(3, 2) is 7/5. [NCERT EXEMPLAR]

Answer:

The equations of the lines through the point of intersection of the lines xy + 1 = 0 and 2x − 3y + 5 = 0 is given by
xy + 1 + a(2x − 3y + 5) = 0
⇒ (1 + 2a)+ y(−3a − 1) + 5a + 1 = 0                          .....(1)
The distance of the above line from the point is given by
32a+1+2-3a-1+5a+12a+12+-3a-12

32a+1+2-3a-1+5a+12a+12+-3a-12=755a+213a2+10a+2=75255a+22=4913a2+10a+26a2-5a-1=0a=1, -16
Substituting the value of a in (1),  we get
3 4y + 6 = 0 and 4x − 3y + 1 = 0

Page No 23.131:

Question 1:

L is a variable line such that the algebraic sum of the distances of the points (1, 1), (2, 0) and (0, 2) from the line is equal to zero. The line L will always pass through
(a) (1, 1)
(b) (2, 1)
(c) (1, 2)
(d) none of these

Answer:

(a) (1,1)

Let ax + by + c = 0 be the variable line. It is given that the algebraic sum of the distances
of the points (1, 1), (2, 0) and (0, 2) from the line is equal to zero.

a+b+ca2+b2+2a+0+ca2+b2+0+2b+ca2+b2=03a+3b+3c=0a+b+c=0

Substituting c = - a - b in ax + by + c = 0, we get:

ax+by-a-b=0ax-1+by-1=0x-1+bay-1=0

This line is of the form L1+λL2=0, which passes through the intersection of L1=0 and L2=0, i.e. x - 1 = 0 and y - 1 = 0.

x = 1, y = 1



Page No 23.132:

Question 2:

The acute angle between the medians drawn from the acute angles of a right angled isosceles triangle is
(a) cos-123

(b) cos-134

(c) cos-145

(d) cos-156

Answer:

(c) cos-145

Let the coordinates of the right-angled isosceles triangle be O(0, 0), A(a, 0) and B(0, a).



Here, BD and AE are the medians drawn from the acute angles B and A, respectively.



∴ Slope of BD = m1
                        = 0-aa2-0
                        = -2

Slope of AE = m2
                    = a2-00-a
                    =-12

Let θ be the angle between BD and AE.

tan θ=-2+121+1         =34cos θ=432+42cos θ=45θ=cos-145

Hence, the acute angle between the medians is cos-145.

Page No 23.132:

Question 3:

The distance between the orthocentre and circumcentre of the triangle with vertices
(1, 2), (2, 1) and 3+32,3+32 is
(a) 0
(b) 2
(c) 3+3
(d) none of these

Answer:

(a) 0
Let A(1, 2), B(2, 1) and C3+32,3+32 be the given points.

AB=2-12+1-22          =2BC=3+32-22+3+32-12      =2AC=3+32-12+3+32-22      =2

Thus, ABC is an equilateral triangle.

We know that the orthocentre and the circumcentre of an equilateral triangle are same.

So, the distance between the the orthocentre and the circumcentre of the triangle
with vertices (1, 2), (2, 1) and 3+32,3+32 is 0.

Page No 23.132:

Question 4:

The equation of the straight line which passes through the point (−4, 3) such that the portion of the line between the axes is divided internally by the point in the ratio 5 : 3 is
(a) 9x − 20y + 96 = 0
(b) 9x + 20y = 24
(c) 20x + 9y + 53 = 0
(d) none of these

Answer:

(a) 9x − 20y + 96 = 0

Let the required line intersects the coordinate axis at (a, 0) and (0, b).


The point (−4, 3) divides the required line in the ratio 5 : 3

-4=5×0+3×a5+3 and  3=5×b+3×05+3a=-323 and b=245           

Hence, The equation of the required line is given below:

x-323+y245=1-3x32+5y24=1-9x+20y=969x-20y+96=0

Page No 23.132:

Question 5:

The point which divides the join of (1, 2) and (3, 4) externally in the ratio 1 : 1
(a) lies in the III quadrant
(b) lies in the II quadrant
(c) lies in the I quadrant
(d) cannot be found

Answer:

(d)  cannot be found

The point which divides the join of (1, 2) and (3, 4) externally in the ratio 1 :1 is 1×3-1×11-1,1×4-1×21-1
which is not defined .

Therefore,it is not possible to externally divide the line joining two points in the ratio 1:1

Page No 23.132:

Question 6:

A line passes through the point (2, 2) and is perpendicular to the line 3x + y = 3. Its y-intercept is
(a) 13
(b) 2/3
(c) 1
(d) 4/3

Answer:

(d) 43
The equation of the line perpendicular to 3x + y = 3 is given below:

x - 3y + λ= 0

This line passes through (2, 2).

2 - 6 + λ = 0

λ=4

So, the equation of the line will be

x - 3y + 4 = 0

y=13x+43

Hence, the y-intercept is 43.

Page No 23.132:

Question 7:

If the lines ax + 12y + 1 = 0, bx + 13y + 1 = 0 and cx + 14y + 1 = 0 are concurrent, then a, b, c are in
(a) H.P.
(b) G.P.
(c) A.P.
(d) none of these

Answer:

(c) A.P.

The given lines are

ax + 12y + 1 = 0        ... (1)

bx + 13y + 1 = 0        ... (2)

cx + 14y + 1 = 0        ... (3)

It is given that (1), (2) and (3) are concurrent.

a121b131c141=0a13-14-12b-c+14b-13c=0-a-12b+12c+14b-13c=0-a+2b-c=02b=a+c

Hence, a, b and c are in AP.

Page No 23.132:

Question 8:

The number of real values of λ for which the lines x − 2y + 3 = 0, λx + 3y + 1 = 0 and 4x − λy + 2 = 0 are concurrent is
(a) 0
(b) 1
(c) 2
(d) Infinite

Answer:

(a) 0

The given lines are

x − 2y + 3 = 0          ... (1)

λx + 3y + 1 = 0        ... (2)

4x − λy + 2 = 0        ... (3)

It is given that (1), (2) and (3) are concurrent.

1-23λ314-λ2=06+λ+22λ-4+3-λ2-12=06+λ+4λ-8-3λ2-36=05λ-3λ2-38=03λ2-5λ+38=0

The discriminant of this equation is 25-4×3×38=-431

Hence, there is no real value of λ for which the lines x − 2y + 3 = 0, λx + 3y + 1 = 0 and 4x − λy + 2 = 0 are concurrent.

Page No 23.132:

Question 9:

The equations of the sides AB, BC and CA of ∆ ABC are yx = 2, x + 2y = 1 and 3x + y + 5 = 0 respectively. The equation of the altitude through B is
(a) x − 3y + 1 = 0
(b) x − 3y + 4 = 0
(c) 3xy + 2 = 0
(d) none of these

Answer:

(b) x-3y = 4

The equation of the sides AB, BC and CA of ∆ABC are yx = 2, x + 2y = 1 and 3x + y + 5 = 0, respectively.

Solving the equations of AB and BC, i.e. yx = 2 and x + 2y = 1, we get:

x = − 1, y = 1

So, the coordinates of B are (−1, 1).

The altitude through B is perpendicular to AC.

 Slope of AC=-3

Thus, slope of the altitude through B is 13.

Equation of the required altitude is given below:

y-1=13x+1x-3y+4=0

Page No 23.132:

Question 10:

If p1 and p2 are the lengths of the perpendiculars from the origin upon the lines x sec θ + y cosec θ = a and x cos θ − y sin θ = a cos 2 θ respectively, then
(a) 4p12 + p22 = a2
(b) p12 + 4p22 = a2
(c) p12 + p22 = a2
(d) none of these

Answer:

(a) 4p12 +p22 = a2

The given lines are

x sec θ + y cosec θ = a                   ... (1)

x cos θ y sin θ = a cos 2 θ           ... (2)

p1 and p2 are the perpendiculars from the origin upon the lines (1) and (2), respectively.

p1=-asec2θ++cosec2θ and p2=-acos2θcos2θ+sin2θp1=-asinθcosθsin2θ+cos2θ and p2=-acos2θp1=12-a×2sinθcosθ and p2=-acos2θp1=12-asin2θ and p2=-acos2θ4p12+p22=a2sin22θ+cos22θ                       =a2

Page No 23.132:

Question 11:

Area of the triangle formed by the points(a+3)(a+4),a+3,(a+2)(a+3),(a+2) and (a+1)(a+2),(a+1) is
(a) 25a2
(b) 5a2
(c) 24a2
(d) none of these

Answer:

(d) none of these

The given points are (a+3)(a+4),a+3,(a+2)(a+3),(a+2) and (a+1)(a+2),(a+1).

Let A be the area of the triangle formed by these points.

Then, A=12x1y2-y3+x2y3-y1+x3y1-y2A=12a+3a+4a+2-a-1+a+2a+3a+1-a-3+a+1a+2a+3-a-2A=12a+3a+4-2a+2a+3+a+1a+2A=12a2+7a+12-2a2-10a-12+a2+3a+2A=1

Page No 23.132:

Question 12:

If a + b + c = 0, then the family of lines 3ax + by + 2c = 0 pass through fixed point
(a) (2, 2/3)
(b) (2/3, 2)
(c) (−2, 2/3)
(d) none of these

Answer:

(b) 23,2
Given:
a + b + c = 0

Substituting c = − a − b in 3ax + by + 2c = 0, we get:

3ax+by-2a-2b=0a3x-2+by-2=03x-2+bay-2=0

This line is of the form L1+λL2=0, which passes through the intersection of the lines L1 and L2, i.e. 3x-2=0 and y-2=0.

Solving 3x-2=0 and y-2=0, we get:

x=23, y=2

Hence, the required fixed point is 23,2.

Page No 23.132:

Question 13:

The line segment joining the points (−3, −4) and (1, −2) is divided by y-axis in the ratio
(a) 1 : 3
(b) 2 : 3
(c) 3 : 1
(d) 3 : 2

Answer:

(c) 3 :1

Let the points (−3, −4) and (1, −2) be divided by y-axis at (0,t) in the ratio m:n.
 m-3nm+n,-2m-4nm+n=0,t

 0=m-3nm+nm:n=3:1

Page No 23.132:

Question 14:

The area of a triangle with vertices at (−4, −1), (1, 2) and (4, −3) is
(a) 17
(b) 16
(c) 15
(d) none of these

Answer:

(a) 17
Let A be the area of the triangle formed by the points (−4, −1), (1, 2) and (4, −3).

 A=12x1y2-y3+x2y3-y1+x3y1-y2A=12-42+3+1-3+1+4-1-2A=17



Page No 23.133:

Question 15:

The line segment joining the points (1, 2) and (−2, 1) is divided by the line 3x + 4y = 7 in the ratio
(a) 3 : 4
(b) 4 : 3
(c) 9 : 4
(d) 4 : 9

Answer:

(d) 4:9

Let the line segment joining the points (1, 2) and (−2, 1) be divided by the line 3x + 4y = 7 in the ratio m:n.

Then, the coordinates of this point will be -2m+nm+n,m+2nm+n that lie on the line.
3x + 4y = 7

3×-2m+nm+n+4×m+2nm+n=7-2m+11n=7m+7n-9m=-4nm:n=4:9

Page No 23.133:

Question 16:

If the point (5, 2) bisects the intercept of a line between the axes, then its equation is
(a) 5x + 2y = 20
(b) 2x + 5y = 20
(c) 5x − 2y = 20
(d) 2x − 5y = 20

Answer:

(b) 2x+5y = 20

Let the equation of the line be xa+yb=1

The coordinates of the intersection of this line with the coordinate axes are (a, 0) and (0, b).

The midpoint of (a, 0) and (0, b) is a2,b2

According to the question:

a2,b2=5,2a2=5, b2=2a=10, b=4

The equation of the required line is given below:

x10+y4=12x+5y=20

Page No 23.133:

Question 17:

A (6, 3), B (−3, 5), C (4, −2) and D (x, 3x) are four points. If ∆ DBC : ∆ ABC = 1 : 2, then x is equal to
(a) 11/8
(b) 8/11
(c) 3
(d) none of these

Answer:

(a) 118
The area of a triangle with vertices D (x, 3x), B (−3, 5) and C (4, −2) is given below:

Area of ∆DBC = 12x5+2-3-2-3x+43x-5

Area of ∆DBC = 14x-7 sq units

Similarly, the area of a triangle with vertices A (6, 3), B (−3, 5) and C (4, −2) is given below:

∆ABC = 1265+2-3-2-3+43-5

∆ABC = 492sq units

Given:
DBC:∆ABC = 1:2

214x-749=128x-4=7x=118

Page No 23.133:

Question 18:

If p be the length of the perpendicular from the origin on the line x/a + y/b = 1, then
(a) p2 = a2 + b2

(b) p2=1a2+1b2

(c) 1p2=1a2+1b2

(d) none of these

Answer:

(c) 1p2=1a2+1b2

It is given that p is the length of the perpendicular from the origin on the line xa+yb=1
      1ax+1by-1=0p=0+0-11a2+1b2Squaring both sides,1p2=1a2+1b2

Page No 23.133:

Question 19:

The equation of the line passing through (1, 5) and perpendicular to the line 3x − 5y + 7 = 0 is
(a) 5x + 3y − 20 = 0
(b) 3x − 5y + 7 = 0
(c) 3x − 5y + 6 = 0
(d) 5x + 3y + 7 = 0

Answer:

(a) 5x+3y-20=0

A line perpendicular to 3x − 5y + 7 = 0 is given by

5x+3y+λ=0

This line passes through (1, 5).

5+15+λ=0λ=-20

Therefore, the equation of the required line is 5x+3y-20=0

Page No 23.133:

Question 20:

The figure formed by the lines ax ± by ± c = 0 is
(a) a rectangle
(b) a square
(c) a rhombus
(d) none of these

Answer:

(c)  a rhombus

The given lines can be written separately in the following manner:

ax + by + c = 0       ... (1)

ax + by − c = 0       ... (2)

ax − by − c = 0       ... (3)

ax − by − c = 0       ... (4)

Graph of the given lines is given below:



Clearly, AB=BC=CD=DA=a2c2+b2c2=a2+b2c

Thus, the region formed by the given lines is ABCD, which is a rhombus.

Page No 23.133:

Question 21:

Two vertices of a triangle are (−2, −1) and (3, 2) and third vertex lies on the line x + y = 5. If the area of the triangle is 4 square units, then the third vertex is
(a) (0, 5) or, (4, 1)
(b) (5, 0) or, (1, 4)
(c) (5, 0) or, (4, 1)
(d) (0, 5) or, (1, 4)

Answer:

Let (h, k) be the third vertex of the triangle.

It is given that the area of the triangle with vertices (h, k), (−2, −1) and (3, 2) is 4 square units.

12h-1-2-3-1-k-22-k=4

3h-5k+1=±8

Taking positive sign, we get,

3h-5k+1=8

3h-5k-7=0        ... (1)

Taking negative sign, we get,

3h-5k+9=0        ... (2)

The vertex (h, k) lies on the line x + y = 5.

h+k-5=0          ... (3)

On solving (1) and (3), we find (4, 1) to be the coordinates of the third vertex.

Similarly, on solving (2) and (3), we find (2, 3) to be the coordinates of the third vertex.

Disclaimer: The correct option is not given in the question of the book.

Page No 23.133:

Question 22:

The inclination of the straight line passing through the point (−3, 6) and the mid-point of the line joining the point (4, −5) and (−2, 9) is
(a) π/4
(b) π/6
(c) π/3
(d) 3 π/4
(e) 5 π/6

Answer:

(d) 3π4

The midpoint of the line joining the points (4, −5) and (−2, 9) is (1, 2).

Let θ be the inclination of the straight line passing through the points (−3, 6) and (1, 2).

Then, tan θ=2-61+3=-1θ=3π4

Page No 23.133:

Question 23:

Distance between the lines 5x + 3y − 7 = 0 and 15x + 9y + 14 = 0 is
(a) 3534

(b) 1334

(c) 35334

(d) 35234

(e) 35

Answer:

(c)  35334

The given lines can be written as

5x + 3y − 7 = 0       ... (1)

5x+3y+143=0            ... (2)

Let d be the distance between the lines 5x + 3y − 7 = 0 and 15x + 9y + 14 = 0

Then, d=-7-14352+32d=35334

Page No 23.133:

Question 24:

The angle between the lines 2x − y + 3 = 0 and x + 2y + 3 = 0 is

(a) 90°
(b) 60°
(c) 45°
(d) 30°
(e) 180°

Answer:

(a) 90°

Let m1 and m2 be the slope of the lines 2x − y + 3 = 0 and x + 2y + 3 = 0, respectively.
Let θ be the angle between them.

Here, m1 =2 and m2=-12

m1m2=-1

Therefore, the angle between the given lines is 90°.

Page No 23.133:

Question 25:

The value of λ for which the lines 3x + 4y = 5, 5x + 4y = 4 and λx + 4y = 6 meet at a point is
(a) 2
(b) 1
(c) 4
(d) 3
(e) 0

Answer:

(b) 1

It is given that the lines 3x + 4y = 5, 5x + 4y = 4 and λx + 4y = 6 meet at a point.
In other words, the given lines are concurrent.

34-554-4λ4-6=03-24+16-4-30+4λ-520-4λ=0-24+120-16λ-100+20λ=04λ=4λ=1

Page No 23.133:

Question 26:

Three vertices of a parallelogram taken in order are (−1, −6), (2, −5) and (7, 2). The fourth vertex is

(a) (1, 4)
(b) (4, 1)
(c) (1, 1)
(d) (4, 4)
(e) (0, 0)

Answer:

(b) (4,1)

Let A(−1, −6), B(2, −5) and C(7, 2) be the given vertex. Let D(h, k) be the fourth vertex.

The midpoints of AC and BD are 3,-2 and 2+h2,-5+k2 respectively.

We know that the diagonals of a parallelogram bisect each other.

3=2+h2 and -2=-5+k2h=4 and k=1

Page No 23.133:

Question 27:

The centroid of a triangle is (2, 7) and two of its vertices are (4, 8) and (−2, 6). The third vertex is
(a) (0, 0)
(b) (4, 7)
(c) (7, 4)
(d) (7, 7)
(e) (4, 4)

Answer:

(b) (4,7)

Let A(4, 8) and B(−2, 6) be the given vertex. Let C(h, k) be the third vertex.

The centroid of ABC is 4-2+h3,8+6+k3.

It is given that the centroid of triangle ABC is (2, 7).

4-2+h3=2, 8+6+k3=7h=4, k=7

Thus, the third vertex is (4, 7).

Page No 23.133:

Question 28:

If the lines x + q = 0, y − 2 = 0 and 3x + 2y + 5 = 0 are concurrent, then the value of q will be
(a) 1
(b) 2
(c) 3
(d) 5

Answer:

(c) 3

The lines x + q = 0, y − 2 = 0 and 3x + 2y + 5 = 0 are concurrent.

10q01-2325=015+4-0+q0-3=03q=9q=3



Page No 23.134:

Question 29:

The medians AD and BE of a triangle with vertices A (0, b), B (0, 0) and C (a, 0) are perpendicular to each other, if
(a) a=b2

(b) b=a2

(c) ab = 1

(d) a=±2b

Answer:

(d)  a=±2b

The midpoints of BC and AC are Da2,0 and Ea2,b2.
Slope of AD= 0-ba2-0
Slope of BE = -b2-a2

It is given that the medians are perpendicular to each other.

0-ba2-0×-b2-a2=-1a=±2b

Page No 23.134:

Question 30:

The equation of the line with slope −3/2 and which is concurrent with the lines 4x + 3y − 7 = 0 and 8x + 5y − 1 = 0 is
(a) 3x + 2y − 63 = 0
(b) 3x + 2y − 2 = 0
(c) 2y − 3x − 2 = 0
(d) none of these

Answer:

(b) 3x + 2y -2=0

Given:

4x + 3y − 7 = 0      ... (1)

8x + 5y − 1 = 0      ... (2)

The equation of the line with slope -32 is given below:

y=-32x+c

32x+y-c=0          ... (3)

The lines (1), (2) and (3) are concurrent.

43-785-1321-c=04-5c+1-3-8c+32-78-152=0-20c+4+24c-92-56+1052=0-40c+8+48c-9-112+1052=08c=8c=1

On substituting c = 1 in y=-32x+c, we get:

y=-32x+13x+2y-2=0

Page No 23.134:

Question 31:

The vertices of a triangle are (6, 0), (0, 6) and (6, 6). The distance between its circumcentre and centroid is

(a) 22
(b) 2
(c) 2
(d) 1

Answer:

(c) 2

Let A(0, 6), B(6, 0) and C(6, 6) be the vertices of the given triangle.



Centroid of ABC=0+6+63,6+0+63                                   =4,4


Coordinates of N=6+62,6+02                               =6,3Coordinates of P=0+62,6+62                               =3,6Equation of MN is y=3Equation of MP is x=3As , we know that circumcentre of a triangle is the intersection of the perpendicular bisectors of any two sides .Therefore, coordinates of circumcentre is (3,3)


Thus, the coordinates of the circumcentre are (3, 3) and the centroid of the triangle is (4,4).

Let d be the distance between the circumcentre and the centroid.

 d=4-32+4-32=2

Page No 23.134:

Question 32:

A point equidistant from the line 4x + 3y + 10 = 0, 5x − 12y + 26 = 0 and 7x+ 24y − 50 = 0 is

(a) (1, −1)
(b) (1, 1)
(c) (0, 0)
(d) (0, 1)

Answer:

Let the coordiantes of the point be (a, b)
Now, the distance of the point (a, b) from 4x + 3y + 10 = 0 is given by
4a+3b+1042+32=4a+3b+105
Again, the distance of the point (a, b) from 5x − 12y + 26 = 0 is given by
5a-12b+2652+-122=5a-12b+2613
Again, the distance of the point (a, b) from 7+ 24y − 50 = 0 is is given by
7a+24b-5072+242=7a+24b-5025
Now,
4a+3b+105=5a-12b+2613=7a+24b-5025

Only a = 0 and b = 0 is satisfying the above equation
Hence, the correct answer is option (c).

Page No 23.134:

Question 33:

The ratio in which the line 3x + 4y + 2 = 0 divides the distance between the line 3x + 4y + 5 = 0 and 3x + 4y − 5 = 0 is
(a) 1: 2
(b) 3: 7
(c) 2: 3
(d) 2: 5

Answer:

Here, in all equations the coefficient of x is same.
It means all the lines have same slope
So, all the lines are parallel.
Now, the distance between the line 3x + 4y + 2 = 0 and 3x + 4y + 5 = 0 is given by
2-532+42=325=35
Again, the distance between the line 3x + 4y + 2 = 0 and 3x + 4y − 5 = 0 is given by:

2+532+42=725=75
Hence, the ratio is given by
35 : 75=3 : 7


Hence, the correct answer is option (b).

Page No 23.134:

Question 34:

The coordinates of the foot of the perpendicular from the point (2, 3) on the line x + y − 11 = 0 are
(a) (−6, 5)
(b) (5, 6)
(c) (−5, 6)
(d) (6, 5)

Answer:

Let the coordinates of the foot of the perpendicular from the point (2, 3) on the line x + y − 11 = 0 be (x, y)
Now, the slope of the line x + y − 11 = 0 is −1
So, the slope of the perpendicular = 1
The equation of the perpendicular is given by
y-3=1x-2x-y+1=0
Solving x + y − 11 = 0 and x y + 1 = 0, we get
x = 5 and y = 6
Hence, the correct answer is option (b).

Page No 23.134:

Question 35:

The reflection of the point (4, −13) about the line 5x + y + 6 = 0 is

(a) (−1, −14)
(b) (3, 4)
(c) (0, 0)
(d) (1, 2)

Answer:

Let the reflection point be A(h, k)
Now, the mid point of line joining (h, k) and (4, −13)  will lie on the line 5x + y + 6 = 0
5h+42+k-132+6=05h+20+k-13+12=05h+k+19=0             .....1

Now, the slope of the line joining points (h, k) and (4,−13) are perpendicular to the line 5x + y + 6 = 0.

slope of the line = −5

slope of line  joining by points (h, k) and (4,−13)

k+13h-4

k+13h-4-5=-15k-h+69=0           .....2
Solving (1) and (2), we get
h = −1 and k = −14
Hence, the correct answer is option (a).
 

Page No 23.134:

Question 36:

The inclination of the line xy + 3 = 0 with positive direction of x-axis, is
(a) 45°
(b) 135°
(c) –45°
(d) –135°

Answer:

For line − + 3 = 0
Inclination with position direction of x-axis is given by tan-1-ba where ax bx c = 0 is the line 
i.e. inclination is tan-1 +11                             =tan-11                             =π4=45°

Hence the correct answer is option A.

Page No 23.134:

Question 37:

The two lines a1x + b1y = c1 and a2x + b2y = c2 are perpendicular if
(a) a1a2 + b1b2 = 0
(b) a1b2 + a2b1
(c) a1b1 + a2b2 = 0
(d) a1b2 + a2b1 = 0

Answer:

For two lines a1x + b1y = c1  and a2x + b2y = c2    
Slope is given by θ1=tan-1-b1a1 i.e. tanθ1=-b1a1 and tanθ2=-b2a2
We know, two lines are perpendicular if product of their slopes is –1.

i.e. tanθ1×tanθ2=-1i.e. -b1a1×-b2a2=-1i.e. b1 b2=-a1 a2i.e. a1 a2+b1 b2=0

Hence, the correct answer is option A.

Page No 23.134:

Question 38:

The coordinates of the foot of the perpendicular from the point (2, 3) on the line x + y – 11 = 0 are
(a) (–6, 5)
(b) (5, 6)
(c) (–5, 6)
(d) (6, 5)

Answer:

For given line say CD; x + y – 11 = 0

Slope is given by -11=-1
Since AB is perpendicular to CD
Slope AB = -1slope of CD
Slope of AB = 1
∴ equation of AB is y – 3 = + 1(x – 2)
i.e. y – 3 = x – 2
i.e. xy + 1 = 0
∴  Coordinates of B is given by point of intersection of AB and CD.
i.e. x + y – 11 = 0
x-y+1=02x-10=0  x=5  y=6
i.e. Coordinates of foot of perpendicular from (2, 3) to x + y – 11 = 0 is (5, 6)

Hence, the correct answer is option B.

Page No 23.134:

Question 39:

The coordinates of the image of the point (2, 3) in the line mirror x + y – 11 = 0 are
(a) (5, 6)
(b) (9, 8)
(c) (8, 9)
(d) (–8, –9)

Answer:

Let us suppose A' denotes the image of (2, 3) for line mirror − 11 = 0

Since coordinates of B are (5, 6)
For given line say CD; x + y – 11 = 0
Figure
Slope is given by -11=-1
Since AB is perpendicular to CD
Slope AB = -1slope of CD
Slope of AB = 1
∴ equation of AB is y – 3 = + 1(x – 2)
i.e. y – 3 = x – 2
i.e. xy + 1 = 0
∴  Coordinates of B is given by point of intersection of AB and CD.
i.e. x + y – 11 = 0
x-y+1=02x-10=0  x=5  y=6
i.e. Coordinates of foot of perpendicular from (2, 3) to x + y – 11 = 0 is (5, 6)
Let A' be given by (ab) then clearly B is midpoint of A and A
∴ By midpoint formula, 
5=2+a2 and 6=3+b2
i.e. 10 = 2 + a and 12 = 3 + b
i.e. a = 8 and b = 9 
∴ co-ordinate of the image of the point (2, 3) for line mirror − 11 = 0 is (8, 9)

Hence, the correct answer is option C.

Page No 23.134:

Question 40:

The intercept cut-off by a line from y-axis is twice than from x-axis and the line passes through the point (1, 2). The equation of the line is
(a) 2x + y = 4
(b) 2x + y + 4 = 0
(c) 2xy = 4
(d) 2xy + 4 = 0

Answer:

Let us suppose line make intercept "a" an x-axis. 
Then according to given condition, it makes intercept 2a an y-axis
i.e. equation of the line is given by
xa+y2a=1i.e. 2x+y=2a
also given line passes through (1, 2)
i.e. 2(1) + 2 = 2a 
i.e. 4 = 2a
i.e. a = 2
∴ equation of line is 2y = 4

Hence, the correct answer is option A. 

Page No 23.134:

Question 41:

A line passes through the point P (1, 2) such that its intercept between the axes is bisected at P. The equation of the line is
(a) x + 2y = 5
(b) xy + 1 = 0
(C) x + y – 3 = 0
(d) 2x + 2y – 4 = 0

Answer:

Suppose equation of the line is given by xa+yb=1

Since intercept between is axis is bisected 


a+02=1 and 0+b2=2 By mid point formulai.e. a=2 and b=4 equation of line is x2+y4=1i.e. 2x+y=4i.e. 2x+y-4=0

Hence, the correct answer is option D.

Page No 23.134:

Question 42:

The reflection of the point (4, –13) about the line 5x + y + 6 = 0 is
(a) (–1, –14)
(b) (3, 4)
(c) (0, 0)
(d) (1, 2)

Answer:


Let A' (a, b) be the point of reflection of (4, −13) about the line 5+ 6 = 0
Here midpoint of AA' (4, −13) and (a, b) is given by 4+a2,b-132
Since4+a2,b-132 lie an 5x+y+6=0i.e. 54+a2+b-132+6=0i.e. 20+5a+b-13+12=0i.e. 5a+b+19=0      ...1Since slope of the line joining a, b and 4,-13 is given by b+13a-4
Since line is perpendicular to the given line,
-5b+13a-4=-1i.e. -5b-65=-a+4i.e. 5b+65=a-4i.e. a-5b-69=0               ...2Solving 1 and 2,25a+5b+19×5=0   a =5b - 69=0     26a + 26  =  0         i.e. a=-1-5+b+19=0i.e. b=-14i.e. a, b=-1,-14

Therefore reflection of (4, −13) about the line 5+ 6 = 0 is (−1, −14)

Hence, the correct answer is option A. 

Page No 23.134:

Question 43:

A point moves such that its distance from the point (4, 0) is half that of its distance from the line x = 16. the locus of the point is
(a) 3x2 + 4y2 = 192
(b) 4x2 + 3y2 = 192
(c) x2 + y2 = 12
(d) none of these

Answer:

Let us suppose the point is P(x, y). 
According to given condition
x-42+y-02=12x-1612+02i.e. x-42+y2=12x-16i.e. 4x-42+y2=x-162i.e. 4x-42+y2=x-162i.e. 4x2+16-8x+y2=x2+162-32xi.e. 4x2+64-32x+4y2=x2+162-32xi.e. 3x2+4y2=192

Hence, the correct answer is option A. 

Page No 23.134:

Question 44:

One vertex of the equilateral triangle with centroid at the origin and one side as x + y – 2 = 0 is
(a) (–1, –1)
(b) (2, 2)
(c) (–2, –2)
(d) (2, –2)

Answer:

Let ABC be the equilateral triangle with vertex A(a, b) and centroid (0, 0)

Since AG ⊥ BC
Slope of BC is −1
⇒ slope of AG is 1 
i.e. b-0a-0=1
i.e. b = a 
Now distance of (0, 0) from BC 

=0+0-212+12=2i.e. -22=2 Distance of A from BC=32=a+b-212+12i.e. a+b-2=6i.e. a+b-2=6 or a+b-2=-6i.e. a+b-8=0 or a+b+4=0i.e. a+a-8=0 or a+a-4=0i.e. a=4 or a=-2 vertex is -2,-2

Hence, the correct answer is option C.



Page No 23.135:

Question 45:

The coordinates of the foot of the perpendicular from the point (2, 3) on the line y = 3x + 4 are given by

(a) 3710, -110

(b) -110, 3710

(c) 1037, -10

(d) 23, -13

Answer:

Let us coordinate of for of perpendicular is D(a, b

y = 3+ 4     ...(1) 
Slope of BC is 3 
 slope of AD is -13 ( BC and AD are perpendicular) 
Hence equation of AD is − 3 = -13x-2
i.e. 3− 9 = − + 2
i.e. + 3y = 11         ...(2) 
Coordinate of D are given by point of intersection of (1) and (2), 
i.e.      3x - y +4=0           3x+9y-33=0          -  - +                - 10y+37=0       i.e. y=3710 and x=11-33710       =110-11110=-110

Hence, the correct answer is option B.

Page No 23.135:

Question 46:

If the coordinator of the middle point of the portion of a line intercepted between the coordinate axes are (3, 2), then the equation of the line will be
(a) 2x + 3y = 12
(b) 3x + 2y = 12
(c) 4x – 3y = 6
(d) 5x – 2y = 10

Answer:

Let us suppose points be A(a, 0) and B(0, b) an coordinate axis and (3, 2) is given to be the midpoint of AB 

Hence, by midpoint formula, 

a+02=3 and 0+b2=2i.e. a=6 and b=4Hence, equation of line is y-0x-a=0-ba-0i.e. yx-6=-46i.e. 3y=-2x-6i.e. 2x+3y=12

Hence, the correct answer is option A.

Page No 23.135:

Question 47:

Equations of diagonals of the square formed by the lines x = 0, y = 0, x = 1 and y = 1 are

(a) y = x, y = x + 1

(b) y = x, x + y = 2

(c) 2y=x, x+y=13

(d) y = 2x, y = 2x + 1

Answer:

Check Answer
Since square is formed by x = 0, y = 0, x = 1 and y = 1

Clearly coordinate of A = (0, 1) B = (1, 1) C = (1, 0) and D = (0, 0) 
∴ Equation of diagonal AC is given by

y-0x-1 =0-11-0i.e. y=-x-1i.e. x+y-1=0
And equation of diagonal BD is
y-1x-1=0-10-1i.e. y-1=x-1i.e. y=x

Page No 23.135:

Question 48:

For specifying a straight line, how many geometrical parameters should be known?
(a) 1
(b) 2
(c) 3
(d) 4

Answer:

Since 2 points are required to determine a straight line i.e. slope and constant term is determined. 

Hence, the correct answer is option B

Page No 23.135:

Question 49:

The point (4, 1) undergoes the following two successive transformations:
(i) Reflection about the line y = x
(ii) Translation through a distance of 2 units along the positive x-axis. Then the coordinates of the point are
(a) (4, 3)
(b) (3, 4)
(c) (1, 4)
(d) (7/2, 7/2)

Answer:


When point (4, 1) undergoes reflection about y = x, It became (1, 4).
Now, this point is translated by 2 units an x-axis i.e. point became (3, 4).

Hence, the correct answer is option B.

Page No 23.135:

Question 50:

The tangent of the angle between the lines whose intercepts on the axes are a, –b and b, –a respectively, is

(a) a2-b2ab

(b) b2-a22

(c) b2-a22ab

(d) none of these

Answer:

Since intercepts of first line are a and −b, this line passes through the points (a, 0) and (0, −b

 Its slope is -b-00-a=ba         ...1

Now since intercepts of second line are b, − a 
i.e. line passes through (b, 0) and (0, – a

i.e. Its slope is -a-00-b=ab         ...2 

Then angle between the above two lines is given by. 
tanθ=ba-ab1+ab×ba=b2-a2ab1+1=b2-a22ab

Hence, the correct answer is option C.

Page No 23.135:

Question 51:

If the line xa+yb=1 passes through the points (2, –3) and (4, –5), then (a, b) =
(a) (1, 1)
(b) (–1, 1)
(c) (1, –1)
(d) (–1, –1)

Answer:

Since xa+yb=1 is the given line which passes through (2,-3) and (4,-5)i.e. 2a-3b=1 and 4a-5b=1i.e. 4a-6b=2 and 4a-5b=1-+--1b=1i.e. b=-1 4a+5=1i.e. 4a=-4i.e. a=-1
i.e. (a, b) = (–1, –1)

Hence, the correct answer is option D.

Page No 23.135:

Question 52:

The distance between the lines y = mx + c1 and y = mx + c2, is

(a) c1-c21+m2

(b) c1-c21+m2

(c) c2-c11+m2

(d) c1-c2

Answer:

Consider a point P(x1y1) an y = mx c1 and then distance between P(x1, y1) and y = mx + cis same as distance between y = mx + c1 and y = mx + c2 
i.e Distance between point P from the line, 

d=mx1-y1+c2m2+1Since y1=mx1+c1We have mx1-y1=-c1i.e. d=-c1+c2m2+1i.e. d=c1-c2m2+1 distance between y=mx+c1 and y=mx+c2 is c1-c2m2+1

Hence, the correct answer is option B.

Page No 23.135:

Question 53:

The equations of the lines passing through the point (1, 0) and at a distance 32 from the origin are

(a) 3x±y3=0

(b) 3x±y+3=0

(c) x±3y3=0

(d) none of these

Answer:

Let us suppose slope of the line is m and it is given that line passes through (1, 0)
∴ equation of line is y – 0 = m(x – 1)
i.e y = mx – m
Also given distance between (0, 0) and y = mx – m is 32
i.e 32=0-0+m1+m2i.e 32=m1+m2i.e 32=m21+m2i.e 3+3m2=2m2i.e m2=3i.e m=±3 equation of line is 3x+y-3=0 or 3x-y-3=0

Hence, the correct answer is option A.

Page No 23.135:

Question 54:

The equations of the lines which pass through the point (3, –2) and are inclined at 60° to the line 3x+y=1 are

(a) y+2=0, 3xy233=0

(b) x2=0, 3xy+2+33=0

(c) 3xy2±33=0

(d) none of these

Answer:

Given lines is 3x+y=1
Which has slope = -3
Let us suppose slope of required line is m, which makes an angle of 60 with above line. 
i.e. tan60°=-3-m1-3mi.e. 3=m+31-3mi.e. ±+3-3m=m+3i.e. 3-3m=m+3  or -3+3m=m+3i.e. m=0i.e. 2m=23 i.e. m=3 m=0 or m=3
Since line passes through (3, –2).
Equation of lien is y + 2 = 3x-3 or y + 2 = 0

i.e. 3x-y-2-33=0 or y=-2

Hence, the correct answer is option A.

Page No 23.135:

Question 55:

The distance of the point of intersection of the lines 2x – 3y + 5 = 0 are 3x + 4y = 0 from the line 5x – 2y = 0, is

(a) 1301729

(b) 13729

(a) 1307

(d) none of these

Answer:

Point of intersection of 2− 3+ 5 = 0 and 3+ 4y = 0 is 

 i.e. 3×2×2x-3y+5=03x+4y=0i.e  6x-9y+15=0        6x + 8y    =0          -    -i.e.    -17y+15=0      if y=1517 3x=-41517 i.e. x=-4×1517×3=-2017 Distance of -2017,1517 from 5x-2y=0 is 5-2017-2151725+4 i.e. 129-100-3017=1301729

Hence, the correct answer is option A.

Page No 23.135:

Question 56:

Slopes of lines which cuts off intercepts of equal lengths on the coordinate axis are

(a) 0

(b) ±13

(c) ± 1

(d) ±3

Answer:

For a line with equal intercept on coordinate axis i.e. equation is of form xa+ya=1

i.e. slope of line is ±1. 

Hence, the correct answer is option C.



Page No 23.136:

Question 57:

A line cutting off intercept –3 from the y-axis and the tangent of angle to the x-axis is 35, its equation is
(a) 5y – 3x + 15 = 0
(b) 3y – 5x + 15 = 0
(c) 5y – 3x + 15 = 0
(d) none of these

Answer:

Given tanθ=35 for given linei.e. m=35 y=35x-3 is the equation i.e. 5y=3x-15i.e. 5y-3x+15=0 is the required equation 

Hence, the correct answer is option A.

Page No 23.136:

Question 58:

The equation of the straight line passing through the points (3, 2) and perpendicular to the line y = x is
(a) xy = 5
(b) x + y = 5
(c) x + y = 1
(d) xy = 1

Answer:

Slope of y = x is 1. 
The slope of line perpendicular to y = x is −1 
Also this line passes through (3, 2) 
i.e.− 2 = − 1 (x – 3) is the required equation of the line.
i.e.− 2 = − x + 3
i.e. x = 5 
i.e. y = 5 is the required equation of the line.

Hence, the correct answer is option B.

Page No 23.136:

Question 1:

If 2a + 3b + 4c = 0, then the straight lines ax + by + c = 0 will always pass through the point ___________.

Answer:

If 2a+3b+4c=0i.e. 2a4+3b4+c=0i.e. x=12 and y=34 ax+by+c will always pass through 12, 34 

Page No 23.136:

Question 2:

If a, b, c are in A.P., then the straight lines ax + by + c = 0 will always pass through point ___________.

Answer:

Since for ax by c = 0
Given ab, and c are in A.P.
i.e. 2b = c
i.e. − 2c = 0
x = 1 , y = −2
i.e. ax by c = 0 passes through (1, −2) 

Page No 23.136:

Question 3:

The line which cuts off equal intercepts from the axes and pass through the point (1, –2) is _____________.

Answer:

Line with equal intercept from the axes is of the form xa+ya=1
Since this line passes through (1, −2) 

i.e. 1a-2a=1i.e. -1a=1i.e. a=-1
∴ equation of line is –x –y = 1
i.e. x + y + 1 = 0

Page No 23.136:

Question 4:

The locus of the mid-points of the portion of the line x sin θ + y cos θ = p intercepted between the axes is __________.

Answer:

Given line x sinθ + y cosθ = P meet axes at 0, Pcosθ and Psinθ, 0

i.e. Let A9sinθ,0 and B0,Pcosθ

Let P(h, k) be the midpoint of AB

i.e. h=P2 sinθ , k=P2 cosθi.e. sinθ=p2h, cosθ=p2ki.e. sinθ=P2h and cosθ=P2k sin2θ+cos2θ=P24h2+P24k2i.e. 1=P24h2+P24k2i.e. locus is P24x2+P24y2=1i.e. 1x2+1y2=4P2
 

Page No 23.136:

Question 5:

The points (3, 4) and (2, –6) are situated on the ________ of the line 3x – 4y – 8 = 0.

Answer:

For given line 3− 4− 8 = 0
For (3, 4) and (2, −6) are such that 3(3) − 4(4) − 8 = 9 − 16 − 8 < 0 and 3(2) − 4(−6) − 8 = 6 + 24 − 8 > 0
i.e. (3, 4) and (2, −6) lie on opposite sides of 3− 4− 8 = 0

Page No 23.136:

Question 6:

If the points (–2, 1) and (–1, – 2) are on the opposite sides of the line 2x + y + a = 0, then the set of values of a is _________.

Answer:

For given line 2a = 0
(−2, 1) and (−1, −2) lie on opposite sides 
i.e. 2(−2) + 1 + a = −4 + 1 + a = −3 + a and 2(−1) + (−2) + a = −2 − 2 + a

    = −4 + a
i.e. −3 + a > 0 and −4 + a < 0
i.e. a > 3 and a < 4
i.e. a lies in (3, 4) 

Page No 23.136:

Question 7:

Equations of the lines through the point (3, 2) and making an angle of 45° with line x – 2y – 3 = 0 are __________.

Answer:

Let us suppose slope of line be m which makes an angle of 45 with − 2− 3 = 0

Slope of x-2y-3 =0 is 12 tan45°=m-121+m2i.e. 1=m-121+m2i.e. ±1+m2=m-12i.e. m2=32 or -1-m2=m-12i.e. m=3 or 3m2=-12 i.e. m=-13 y=3x+c is the equation of line or y=-13x+c                    
Since this line passes through (3, 2)
i.e. 2 = 9 + c
i.e. c = – 7
∴ Equation of line is y = 3x – 7
i.e. 3x – y – 7 = 0

or 2=-133+ci.e. c=3 y=-13x+3i.e. 3y+x-9=0
∴ Equations of lines are 3x – y – 7 = or x + 3y – 9 = 0

Page No 23.136:

Question 8:

A point moves so that the square of its distance from the point (3, –2) is numerically equal to its distance from the line 5x – 12y = 3. The equation of its locus is __________.

Answer:

check ans.
Let P(h, k) be the given point. 
Such that square of the distance from the point (3, −2) is equal to the distance from the line 5x − 12y = 3
i.e. h-32+k+222 =5h-12k-352+122i.e. h-32+k+22 = 5h-12k-313i.e. h2+9-6h+k2+4+4k =5h-12k-313i.e. h2+k2-6h+4k+13=5h-12k-313i.e. 13h2+k2-78h+52k+169=5h-12k-3i.e. 13h2+k2-78h-5h+52k+12k+172=0i.e. 13h2+k2-83h+64k+172=0

Page No 23.136:

Question 9:

If the vertices of a triangle have integral coordinates, then the triangle cannot be ___________.

Answer:

Let A(x1, y1) B(x2, y2) and C(x3y3) be vertices of a triangle (ABC) with integer values.
area of (Δ ABC) = 12x1y2-y3+x2y3-y1+x3y1-y2
Since xi, yi; are integers
⇒ area of Δ(ABC) is rational           ...(1)
Let us suppose Δ is an equilateral triangle
Then Δ=34 a2where a=x1-x22+y1-y22i.e. a2=x1-x22+y1-y22i.e. a2 is ration. Δ=34a2 is irrational
Which contradicts (1)
Hence Δ cannot be equilateral triangle.

Page No 23.136:

Question 10:

If the lines ax + 2y + 1 = 0, bx + y + 1 = 0 and cx + 4y + 1 = 0 are concurrent, then a, b, c are in __________.

Answer:

check ans
Given lines are, 
ax+2y+1=0   ...1bx+y+1=0     ...2cx+4y+1=0   ...3 are concurrent 

Solving (1) and (2),

x2-1=-yb-a=1a-2bi.e. x=1a-2b , y=a-ba-2b

Since (x, y) lie on (3)           (∵ lines are concurrent)

 ca-2b+4a-ba-2b+1=0c+4a-4b+a-2b=0i.e. 3a-6b+c=0

Page No 23.136:

Question 11:

If the line (2x + 3y + 4) +λ (6xy + 12) = 0 is perpendicular to the line 7x + y – 4 = 0, then λ = _____________.

Answer:

For given line,

2x+3y+4+λ6x-y+12=0i.e. 2+6λx+3-λy+4+12λ=0i.e. 3-λy=-2+6λx-4-12λi.e. y=-21+3λ3-λx+-41+3λ3-λi.e. slope is -21+3λ3-λwhich is perpendicular to 7x+y-4=0i.e. y=-7x+4 -21+3λ3-λ×-7=-1141+3λ=-3+λ14+42λ=-3+λi.e. 41λ=-17i.e. λ=-1741

Page No 23.136:

Question 12:

The equation of a straight line passing through (–3, 2) and cutting intercepts from the axes whose sum is zero, is ___________.

Answer:

Let us suppose equation of line is xa+y-a=1
Since line passes through, (–3, 2)
-3a-2a=1i.e. -5a=1i.e. a=-5i.e. -x+y=5
i.e. x – y + 5 = 0 is the required equation of line.

Page No 23.136:

Question 13:

The number of points on the line x + y = 4 which are at a unit distance from the line 2x + 2y = 11 is ___________.

Answer:

Since 2x + 2= 11 cab be expressed as x+y=112 which is parallel to x + y = 4.  
Distance between these two lines is

4-1121+1=8-1122=322=1.06>1

Hence infinite number of point lie on = 4.

Page No 23.136:

Question 14:

If the lines 2x – 3y + k = 0, 3x – 4y – 13 = 0 and 8x – 11y – 33 = 0 are concurrent, then k = ___________.

Answer:

We know, three lines

ax+by+c=0lx+my+n=0px+qy+r=0  are concurrentif abclmnpqr=0for 2x-3y+k=0, 3x-4y-13=0 and 8x-11y-33=0i.e.2-3k3-4-138-11-33=02-3k3-4-138-11-33=0233×4-13×11 +3-99+104+k-33+32=0 2132-143 +35-k=0i.e. 2-11+15-k=0i.e. -22+15-k=0i.e. -7-k=0i.e. k=-7



Page No 23.137:

Question 15:

If a + b + c = 0, then the family of lines 4ax + 3by + c = 0 are concurrent at __________.

Answer:

Given a + b + c = 0
For family of lines, 4ax + 3by c = 0
i.e. 4ax + 3by + (–a b) = 0
i.e. a(4− 1) + b(3− 1) = 0
which passes through x=14 and y=13.
 

Page No 23.137:

Question 16:

If 2x + y – 5 = 0 and 4x + 2y – 15 = 0 are two parallel sides of a square, then its area is ____________.

Answer:

Since 2− 5 = 0 and 4+ 2− 15 = 0 are parallel 
i.e. 2+ − 5 = 0
2− 152 = 0 are parallel
Distance between these parallel lines is 

5-1524+1=10-1525=525= 52
i.e. Distance between parallel sides which is length of side of square 
  Area of square is 522 = 54 sq.units

Page No 23.137:

Question 17:

If the lines 3x – 4y + 4 = 0 and 6x – 8y – 7 = 0 are two parallel tangents to a circle, then the length of its diameter is _____________.

Answer:

Given two parallel tangents 3x – 4y + 4 = 0 and 6x – 8– 7 = 0
i.e. 3x-4y-72=0
Distance between these two parallel tangents is 4+729+16

   =8+72×5
i.e distance between parallel tangents=1510=32 .

Page No 23.137:

Question 1:

Write an equation representing a pair of lines through the point (a, b) and parallel to the coordinate axes.

Answer:

The lines passing through (a, b) and parallel to the x-axis and y-axis are y = b and x = a, respectively.

Therefore, their combined equation is given below:

(x - a)(y - b) = 0

Page No 23.137:

Question 2:

Write the coordinates of the orthocentre of the triangle formed by the lines x2y2 = 0 and x + 6y = 18.

Answer:

The equation x2y2 = 0 represents a pair of straight line, which can be written in the following way:

(x + y)(xy) = 0

So, the lines can be written separately in the following manner:

x + y = 0          ... (1)

xy = 0          ... (2)

The third line is

x + 6y = 18      ... (3)

Lines (1) and (2) are perpendicular to each other as their slopes are −1 and 1, respectively
⇒ −1 × 1 = −1

Therefore, the triangle formed by the lines (1), (2) and (3) is a right-angled triangle.

Thus, the orthocentre of the triangle formed by the given lines is the intersection of x + y = 0 and xy = 0, which is (0, 0).

Page No 23.137:

Question 3:

If the centroid of a triangle formed by the points (0, 0), (cos θ, sin θ) and (sin θ, − cos θ) lies on the line y = 2x, then write the value of tan θ.

Answer:

The centroid of a triangle with vertices x1,y1, x2,y2 and x3,y3 is given below:

x1+x2+x33, y1+y2+y33.

Therefore, the centre of the triangle having vertices (0, 0), (cos θ, sin θ) and (sin θ, − cos θ) is
0+cosθ+sinθ3,0+sinθ-cosθ3cosθ+sinθ3,sinθ-cosθ3

This point lies on the line y = 2x.

sinθ-cosθ3=2×cosθ+sinθ3sinθ-cosθ=2cosθ+2sinθtanθ=-3

∴ tanθ = −3

Page No 23.137:

Question 4:

Write the value of θ ϵ 0,π2 for which area of the triangle formed by points O (0, 0), A (a cos θ, b sin θ) and B (a cos θ, − b sin θ) is maximum.

Answer:

Let A be the area of the triangle formed by the points O (0,0), A (acosθ,bsinθ) and B (acosθ,− bsinθ)

A=12001acosθbsinθ1acosθ-bsinθ1A=12-absinθcosθ-absinθcosθA=absinθcosθ=12sin2θ
Now,
Amax=12, when sin2θ=1Amax=12, when 2θ=π2θ=π4

Hence, the area of the triangle formed by the given points is maximum when θ=π4.

Page No 23.137:

Question 5:

Write the distance between the lines 4x + 3y − 11 = 0 and 8x + 6y − 15 = 0.

Answer:

The distance between the two parallel lines ax+by+c1=0 and ax+by+c2=0 is c1-c2a2+b2.
The given lines can be written as

4x + 3y − 11 = 0              ... (1)

8x+6y-15=0 4x+3y-152=0           ... (2)

Let d be the distance between the lines (1) and (2).

d=-11--15242+32=710 units

Page No 23.137:

Question 6:

Write the coordinates of the orthocentre of the triangle formed by the lines xy = 0 and x + y = 1.

Answer:

The equation xy = 0 represents a pair of straight lines.

The lines can be written separately in the following way:

x = 0              ... (1)

y = 0              ... (2)

The third line is

x + y = 1        ... (3)

Lines (1) and (2) are perpendicular to each other as they are coordinate axes.

Therefore, the triangle formed by the lines (1), (2) and (3) is a right-angled triangle.

Thus, the orthocentre of the triangle formed by the given lines is the intersection of x = 0 and y = 0, which is (0, 0).

Page No 23.137:

Question 7:

If the lines x + ay + a = 0, bx + y + b = 0 and cx + cy + 1 = 0 are concurrent, then write the value of 2abcabbcca.

Answer:

The given lines are

x + ay + a = 0        ... (1)

bx + y + b = 0        ... (2)

cx + cy + 1 = 0       ... (3)

It is given that the lines (1), (2) and (3) are concurrent.

1aab1bcc1=01-bc-ab-bc+abc-c=01-bc-ab+abc+abc-ac=02abc-ab-bc-ca=-1

Hence, the value of 2abcabbcca is −1

Page No 23.137:

Question 8:

Write the area of the triangle formed by the coordinate axes and the line (sec θ − tan θ) x + (sec θ + tan θ) y = 2.

Answer:

The point of intersection of the coordinate axes is (0, 0).
Let us find the intersection of the line (sec θ − tan θ) x + (sec θ + tan θ) y = 2 and the coordinate axis.

For x-axis:

y = 0, x=2secθ-tanθ

For y-axis:

x = 0, y=2secθ+tanθ

Thus, the coordinates of the triangle formed by the coordinate axis and the line (sec θ − tan θ) x + (sec θ + tan θ) y = 2 are (0, 0), 2secθ-tanθ,0 and 0,2secθ+tanθ.

Let A be the area of the required triangle.

 A=120012secθ-tanθ0102secθ+tanθ1A=12×2secθ-tanθ×2secθ+tanθA=2secθ-tanθsecθ+tanθ=2sec2θ-tan2θ=2

Hence, the area of the triangle is 2 square units.

Page No 23.137:

Question 9:

If the diagonals of the quadrilateral formed by the lines l1x + m1y + n1 = 0, l2x + m2y + n2 = 0, l1x + m1y + n1' = 0 and l2x + m2y + n2' = 0 are perpendicular, then write the value of l12l22 + m12m22.

Answer:

The given lines are

l1x + m1y + n1 = 0      ... (1)

l2x + m2y + n2 = 0      ... (2)

l1x + m1y + n1' = 0     ... (3)

l2x + m2y + n2' = 0     ... (4)

Let (1), (2), (3) and (4) represent the sides AB, BC, CD and DA, respectively.


The equation of diagonal AC passing through the intersection of (2) and (3) is given by
l1x + m1y + n1' +λ(l2x + m2y + n2) = 0

l1+λl2x+m1+λm2y+n1'+λn2=0Slope of diagonal AC=-l1+λl2m1+λm2

Also, the equation of diagonal BD, passing through the intersection of (1) and (2), is given by
l1x + m1y + n1 +μ(l2x + m2y + n2) = 0

l1+μl2x+m1+μm2y+n1+μn2=0Slope of diagonal BD=-l1+μl2m1+μm2

The diagonals are perpendicular to each other.

l1+λl2m1+λm2l1+μl2m1+μm2=-1

l1+λl2l1+μl2=-m1+λm2m1+μm2Let λ=-1, μ=1l1-l2l1+l2=-m1-m2m1+m2l12-l22=-m12-m22l12-l22+m12-m22=0

Page No 23.137:

Question 10:

Write the coordinates of the image of the point (3, 8) in the line x + 3y − 7 = 0.

Answer:

Let the given point be A(3,8) and its image in the line x + 3y − 7 = 0 is B(h,k).

The midpoint of AB is 3+h2,8+k2 that lies on the line x + 3y − 7 = 0.

3+h2+3×8+k2-7=0

h+3k+13=0          ... (1)

AB and the line x + 3y − 7 = 0 are perpendicular.

Slope of AB×Slope of the line=-1k-8h-3×-13=-1

3h-k-1=0        ... (2)

Solving (1) and (2), we get:
(h, k) = (−1, −4)

Hence, the image of the point (3,8) in the line x + 3y − 7 = 0 is (−1,−4).

Page No 23.137:

Question 11:

Write the integral values of m for which the x-coordinate of the point of intersection of the lines y = mx + 1 and 3x + 4y = 9 is an integer.

Answer:

The given lines can be written as

mx - y + 1 = 0         ... (1)

3x + 4y - 9 = 0        ... (2)

Solving (1) and (2) by cross multiplication, we get:

x9-4=y3+9m=14m+3x=54m+3, y=9m+34m+3


For x to be integer we have, 4m+3=1,-1,5 and -5m=-12,-1,12 and -2
Hence, the integral values of m are -1 and -2.



Page No 23.138:

Question 12:

If abc, write the condition for which the equations (bc) x + (ca) y + (ab) = 0 and (b3c3) x + (c3a3) y + (a3b3) = 0 represent the same line.

Answer:

The given lines are

(bc)x + (ca)y + (ab) = 0                  ... (1)

(b3c3)x + (c3a3)y + (a3b3) = 0          ... (2)

The lines (1) and (2) will represent the same lines if

b-cb3-c3=c-ac3-a3=a-ba3-b3b-cb-cb2+bc+c2=c-ac-ac2+ac+a2=a-ba-ba2+ab+b21b2+bc+c2=1c2+ac+a2=1a2+ab+b2   abc

b2+bc+c2=c2+ac+a2 and c2+ac+a2=a2+ab+b2a-ba+b+c=0 and b-cb+c+a=0a+b+c=0    abc

Hence, the given lines will represent the same lines if a + b + c = 0.

Page No 23.138:

Question 13:

If a, b, c are in G.P. write the area of the triangle formed by the line ax + by + c = 0 with the coordinates axes.

Answer:

The point of intersection of the line ax + by + c = 0 with the coordinate axis are-ca,0 and 0,-cb.

So, the vertices of the triangle are (0, 0), -ca,0 and 0,-cb.

Let A be the area of the required triangle.

A=12001-ca010-cb1A=12-ca×-cb=12c2ab

It is given that a, b and c are in GP.

b2=ac

A=12b4a2×ab=12ba3square units

Page No 23.138:

Question 14:

Write the area of the figure formed by the lines a |x| + b |y| + c = 0.

Answer:

The given lines can be written separately in the following way:

a x + b y + c = 0;  x, y  0                 ... (1)

-a x + b y + c = 0;  x < 0 y  0            ... (2)

-a x - b y + c = 0;  x < 0 y < 0             ... (3) 

a x - b y + c = 0;  0 y < 0             ... (4)

The lines and the region enclosed between them is shown below.



So, the area of the figures formed by the lines a |x| + b |y| + c = 0 is

4×12ca×cb=2c2ab square units

Page No 23.138:

Question 15:

Write the locus of a point the sum of whose distances from the coordinates axes is unity.

Answer:

Let (h, k) be the locus.

It is given that the sum of distances of (h, k) from the coordinate axis is unity.

|h| + |k| = 1

Taking locus of (h, k), we get:

|x| + |y| = 1

This represents a square.

Page No 23.138:

Question 16:

If a, b, c are in A.P., then the line ax + by + c = 0 passes through a fixed point. Write the coordinates of that point.

Answer:

If, a, b, c are in A.P, then
a + c = 2b
a − 2b + c = 0
Comparing the coefficient of  ax + by + c = 0 and a − 2b + c = 0, we get
x = 1 and y = −2
So, the the coordinates of that point is (1, −2)

Page No 23.138:

Question 17:

Write the equation of the line passing through the point (1, −2) and cutting off equal intercepts from the axes.

Answer:

Let the equation of the required line be
xa+ya=1      the line has equal intercepts
Now, it is passing through (1, −2)
1a-2a=1a=-1
Hence, the required equation is given by
x-1+y-1=1x+y+1=0

Page No 23.138:

Question 18:

Find the locus of the mid-points of the portion of the line xsinθ+ ycosθ = p intercepted between the axes.

Answer:

We have xsinθ+ ycosθ = p
xpsinθ+ypcosθ=1
So, the x and y intercepts are given by
psinθ, 0 and 0, pcosθ
Now, let the coordinates of the mid point be (h, k)
h=psinθ+02 and k=0+pcosθ2h=p2sinθ and k=p2cosθsinθ=p2h and cosθ=p2ksin2θ=p24h2 and cos2θ=p24k2
Now, squaring and adding, we get
sin2θ+cos2θ=p24h2+p24k21=p24h2+p24k24p2=1h2+1k2
since, (h, k) is the mid point, so it will also pass through xsinθ+ ycosθ = p. 
Hence, the given equation of locus can also be written as:

4p2=1x2+1y2
 



Page No 23.14:

Question 15:

Without using the distance formula, show that points (−2, −1), (4, 0), (3, 3) and (−3, 2) are the vertices of a parallelogram.

Answer:

Let A (−2, −1), B (4, 0), C (3, 3) and D (−3, 2) be the given points.

Now, slope of AB=0+14+2=16

Slope of BC=3-03-4=-3

Slope of CD=2-3-3-3=16

Slope of DA=-1-2-2+3=-3

Clearly, we have,
Slope of AB = Slope of CD
Slope of BC = Slope of DA

As the slopes of opposite sides are equal,
Therefore, both pair of opposite sides are parallel.
Hence, the given points are the vertices of a parallelogram.

Page No 23.14:

Question 16:

Find the angle between the X-axis and the line joining the points (3, −1) and (4, −2).

Answer:

Let the given points be A (3, −1) and B (4, −2).

Slope of AB = -2+14-3=-1

Let θ be the angle between the x-axis and AB.

 tanθ=-1θ=tan-1-1=135

Hence, the angle between the x-axis and the line joining the points (3, −1) and (4, −2) is 135.

Page No 23.14:

Question 17:

Line through the points (−2, 6) and (4, 8) is perpendicular to the line through the points (8, 12) and (x, 24). Find the value of x.

Answer:

Let the given points be A (−2, 6), B (4, 8), P (8, 12) and Q (x, 24).

Slope of AB = m1 = 8-64+2=26=13

Slope of PQm2 = 24-12x-8=12x-8

It is given that the line joining A (−2, 6) and B (4, 8) and the line joining P (8, 12) and Q (x, 24) are perpendicular.

 m1m2=-113×12x-8=-1x-8=-4x=4

Hence, the value of x is 4.

Page No 23.14:

Question 18:

Find the value of x for which the points (x, −1), (2, 1) and (4, 5) are collinear.

Answer:

Let the given points be A (x, −1), B (2, 1) and C (4, 5).

Slope of AB = 1+12-x=22-x

Slope of BC = 5-14-2=42=2

It is given that the points (x, −1), (2, 1) and (4, 5) are collinear.

Slope of AB  = Slope of BC

22-x=21=2-xx=1

Hence, the value of x is 1.

Page No 23.14:

Question 19:

Find the angle between X-axis and the line joining the points (3, −1) and (4, −2).

Answer:

Let the given points be A (3, −1) and B (4, −2).

Slope of AB = -2+14-3=-1

Let θ be the angle between the x-axis and AB.

 tanθ=-1θ=tan-1-1=3π4

Hence, the angle between the x-axis and the line joining the points (3, −1) and (4, −2) is 3π4.

Page No 23.14:

Question 20:

By using the concept of slope, show that the points (−2, −1), (4, 0), (3, 3) and (−3, 2) are the vertices of a parallelogram.

Answer:

Let A (−2, −1), B (4, 0), C (3, 3) and D (−3, 2) be the given points.

Now, slope of AB=0+14+2=16

Slope of BC=3-03-4=-3

Slope of CD=2-3-3-3=16

Slope of DA=-1-2-2+3=-3

Clearly, we have,
Slope of AB = Slope of CD
Slope of BC = Slope of DA

As the slopes of opposite sides are equal,
Therefore, both pair of opposite sides are parallel.
Hence, the given points are the vertices of a parallelogram.

Page No 23.14:

Question 21:

A quadrilateral has vertices (4, 1), (1, 7), (−6, 0) and (−1, −9). Show that the mid-points of the sides of this quadrilateral form a parallelogram.

Answer:

Let A (4, 1), B (1, 7), C (−6, 0) and D (−1, −9) be the vertices of the given quadrilateral.

Let P, Q, R and S be the mid-points of AB, BC, CD and DA, respectively.
So, the coordinates of P, Q, R and S are P 52, 4, Q -52,72, R -72,-92 and S 32, -4.

In order to prove that PQRS is a parallelogram, it is sufficient to show that PQ is parallel to RS and PQ is equal to RS.
Now, we have,

Slope of PQ=72-4-52-52=110

Slope of RS=-4+9232+72=110
Clearly, Slope of PQ = Slope of RS
Therefore, PQ RS  


PQ=-52-522+72-42=1012

RS=32+722+-4+922=1012

Therefore, PQ = RS

Thus, PQ RS and PQ = RS

Hence, the mid-points of the sides of the given quadrilateral form a parallelogram.



Page No 23.17:

Question 1:

Find the equation of the line parallel to x-axis and passing through (3, −5).

Answer:

The equation of a line parallel to the x-axis is y = k

It is given that y = k passes through (3, −5)

∴ −5 = k
k = −5

Hence, the equation of the required line is y = −5

Page No 23.17:

Question 2:

Find the equation of the line perpendicular to x-axis and having intercept − 2 on x-axis.

Answer:

The equation of the line perpendicular to the x-axis is x = k.

It is given that x = k has intercept −2 on the x-axis. This means that the line x = passes through (−2, 0).

∴ −2 = k
k = −2

Hence, the equation of the line that is perpendicular to the x-axis and has intercept − 2 on the x-axis is x = −2.

Page No 23.17:

Question 3:

Find the equation of the line parallel to x-axis and having intercept − 2 on y-axis.

Answer:

The equation of a line parallel to the x-axis is y = k.

It is given that y = k has intercept −2 on the y-axis. This means that the line y = passes through (0, −2).

∴ −2 = k
k = −2

Hence, the equation of the required line is y = −2.

Page No 23.17:

Question 4:

Draw the lines x = − 3, x = 2, y = − 2, y = 3 and write the coordinates of the vertices of the square so formed.

Answer:

The lines x = − 3 and x = 2 are parallel to the y-axis. They pass through (−3, 0) and (2, 0), respectively.
Similarly, the lines y = − 2, y = 3 are parallel to the x-axis. They pass through (0, −2) and (0, 3), respectively.
The lines x = − 3, x = 2, y = − 2 and y = 3 are drawn as shown in the following figure.

Clearly, the coordinates of the square that is formed are (2, 3), (−3, 3), (−3, −2) and (2, −2).

Page No 23.17:

Question 5:

Find the equations of the straight lines which pass through (4, 3) and are respectively parallel and perpendicular to the x-axis.

Answer:

The equation of the line parallel to the x-axis is y = b.

It is given that y = b passes through (4, 3).

∴ 3 = b
b = 3

Thus, the equation of the line parallel to the x-axis and passing through (4, 3) is y = 3.

Similarly, the equation of the line perpendicular to the x-axis is x = a.

It is given that x = a passes through (4, 3).

∴ 4 = a
a = 4

Thus, the equation of the line perpendicular to the x-axis and passing through (4, 3) is x = 4.

Hence, the required lines are x = 4 and y = 3.

Page No 23.17:

Question 6:

Find the equation of a line which is equidistant from the lines x = − 2 and x = 6.

Answer:

The lines x = − 2 and x = 6 pass through the points (−2, 0) and (6, 0), respectively.
Let (h, k) be the mid-point of the line joining the points (−2, 0) and (6, 0).

 h, k=-2+62, 0=2, 0

The given lines are parallel to the y-axis and the required line is equidistant from theses lines.
Hence, the required line is parallel to the y-axis, which is given by x = k.

This line passes through (2, 0).

∴ 2 = k
k = 2

Hence, the equation of a line that is equidistant from the lines x = − 2 and x = 6 is x = 2.

Page No 23.17:

Question 7:

Find the equation of a line equidistant from the lines y = 10 and y = − 2.

Answer:

The lines y = 10 and y = −2 pass through the points (0, 10) and (0, −2), respectively.
Let (h, k) be the mid-point of the line joining the points (0, 10) and (0, −2).

 h, k=0,10-22=0, 4

The given lines are parallel to the x-axis and the required line is equidistant from these lines.
Hence, the required line is parallel to the x-axis, which is given by y = k.

This line passes through (0, 4).

∴ 4 = k
k = 4

Hence, the equation of a line that is equidistant from the lines y = 10 and y = − 2 is y = 4.



Page No 23.21:

Question 1:

Find the equation of a line making an angle of 150° with the x-axis and cutting off an intercept 2 from y-axis.

Answer:

Here, m=tan150=-tan30=-13
and c = y-intercept = 2

Substituting the values of m and c in y = mx + c, we get,

y=-13x+2x+3y=23

Hence, the equation of the required line is x+3y=23.

Page No 23.21:

Question 2:

Find the equation of a straight line:
(i) with slope 2 and y-intercept 3;
(ii) with slope − 1/3 and y-intercept − 4.
(iii) with slope −2 and intersecting the x-axis at a distance of 3 units to the left of origin.

Answer:

(i) Here, m = 2, c = 3

Substituting the values of m and c in y = mx + c, we get,

y = 2x + 3

Hence, the equation of the straight line with slope 2 and y-intercept 3 is y = 2x + 3

(ii) Here, m=-13, c=-4

Substituting the values of m and c in y = mx + c, we get,

y=-x3-4x+3y+12=0

Hence, the equation of the straight line with slope -13 and y-intercept 4 is x + 3y + 12 = 0

(iii) Here, m = −2

Substituting the value of m in y = mx + c, we get,

y = −2x + c

It is given that the line y = −2x + c intersects the x-axis at a distance of 3 units to the left of the origin.
This means that the required line passes trough the point (−3, 0).

 0=-2×-3+cc=-6

Hence, the equation of the required line is y = −2x − 6, i.e. 2x + y + 6 = 0

Page No 23.21:

Question 3:

Find the equations of the bisectors of the angles between the coordinate axes.

Answer:

There are two bisectors of the coordinate axes.
Their inclinations with the positive x-axis are 45 and 135.
So, the slope of the bisector is m=tan45 or m=tan135, i.e. m=1 or m=-1 and c = 0.

Substituting the values of m and c in y = mx + c, we get,

y = x + 0
x - y = 0
or y = - x + 0
x + y = 0

Hence, the equation of the bisector is x±y=0.

Page No 23.21:

Question 4:

Find the equation of a line which makes an angle of tan−1 (3) with the x-axis and cuts off an intercept of 4 units on negative direction of y-axis.

Answer:

Let m be the slope of the required line.
 m=tanθ=tantan-13=3 c=y-intercept=-4

Substituting the values of m and c in y = mx + c, we get y = 3x - 4

Hence, the equation of the required line is y = 3x - 4

Page No 23.21:

Question 5:

Find the equation of a line that has y-intercept −4 and is parallel to the line joining (2, −5) and (1, 2).

Answer:

Let m be the slope of the required line.
c = y-intercept = -4

It is given that the required line is parallel to the line joining the points (2, −5) and (1, 2).

 m=y2-y1x2-x1=2+51-2=-7

Substituting the values of m and c in y = mx + c, we get,

y = -7x - 4
7x + y + 4 = 0

Hence, the equation of the required line is 7x + y + 4 = 0

Page No 23.21:

Question 6:

Find the equation of a line which is perpendicular to the line joining (4, 2) and (3, 5) and cuts off an intercept of length 3 on y-axis.

Answer:

Let m be the slope of the required line.
Here, c = y-intercept = 3

Slope of the line joining the points (4, 2) and (3, 5) = 5-23-4=-3

It is given that the required line is perpendicular to the line joining the points (4, 2) and (3, 5).

m×Slope of the line joining the points 4, 2 and 3, 5=-1m×-3=-1m=13.

Substituting the values of m and c in y = mx + c, we get,

y=13x+3  x-3y+9=0

Hence, the equation of the required line is x -3y + 9 = 0

Page No 23.21:

Question 7:

Find the equation of the perpendicular to the line segment joining (4, 3) and (−1, 1) if it cuts off an intercept −3 from y-axis.

Answer:

Let m be the slope of the required line.
Here, c = y-intercept = -3

Slope of the line joining the points (4, 3) and (−1, 1) = 1-3-1-4=25

It is given that the required line is perpendicular to the line joining the points (4, 3) and (−1, 1).

 m×Slope of the line joining the points 4, 3 and -1, 1=-1m×25=-1m=-52

Substituting the values of m and c in y = mx + c, we get:

y=-52x-3 5 x+2y+6=0

Hence, the equation of the required line is 5x + 2y + 6 = 0.

Page No 23.21:

Question 8:

Find the equation of the strainght line intersecting y-axis at a distance of 2 units above the origin and making an angle of 30° with the positive direction of the x-axis.

Answer:

Let m be the slope of the required line.

m=tanθ=tan30=13Here, c=y-intercept=2

Substituting the values of m and c in y = mx + c, we get:

y=13x+2  x-3y+23=0

Hence, the equation of the required line is x-3y+23=0.



Page No 23.29:

Question 1:

Find the equation of the straight line passing through the point (6, 2) and having slope − 3.

Answer:

Here, m=-3, x1=6 and y1=2

Substituting these values in y-y1=mx-x1, we get,

y-2=-3x-6y-2=-3x+183x+y-20=0

Hence, the equation of the required line is 3x+y-20=0

Page No 23.29:

Question 2:

Find the equation of the straight line passing through (−2, 3) and inclined at an angle of 45° with the x-axis.

Answer:

 Here, m=tan45=1x1=-2 and y1=3

Substituting these values in y-y1=mx-x1, we get:

y-3=1x+2y-3=x+2x-y+5=0

Hence, the equation of the required line is x-y+5=0

Page No 23.29:

Question 3:

Find the equation of the line passing through (0, 0) with slope m.

Answer:

The equation of the line passing through (x1, y1) with slope m is given by
 y-y1=mx-x1

So, the equation of the line passing through (0, 0) with slope m is

y-0=mx-0 y=mx

Page No 23.29:

Question 4:

Find the equation of the line passing through (2, 23) and inclined with x-axis at an angle of 75°.

Answer:

Here, m=tan75m=tan45+30m=tan45+tan301-tan45tan30m=1+131-13=3+13-1m=3+13-1×3+13+1=2+3

So, the equation of the line that passes through (2, 23) and has slope 2+3 is

y-23=2+3x-2y-23=2+3x-4-232+3x-y-4=0

Page No 23.29:

Question 5:

Find the equation of the straight line which passes through the point (1,2) and makes such an angle with the positive direction of x-axis whose sine is 35.

Answer:

Let θ be the inclination of the line with the positive x-axis.
Then, we have,

sinθ=35tanθ=sinθ1-sin2θ=351-3252352-32=34

So, the equation of the line that passes through (1, 2) and has slope 34 is

y-2=34x-13x-4y+5=0

Hence, the equation of the required line is 3x-4y+5=0

Page No 23.29:

Question 6:

Find the equation of the straight line passing through (3, −2) and making an angle of 60° with the positive direction of y-axis.

Answer:

The graph of the required line is shown below.

The line which is inclined at an angle of 60° with the positive direction of y-axis makes an angle of 30° with x-axis.
Clearly, the slope of the required line is m=tan30=13

So, the equation of the required line having slope 13 and passes through the point P3, -2 is

y+2=13x-3x-3y-3-23=0

Hence, the equation of the required line is x-3y-3-23=0

Page No 23.29:

Question 7:

Find the lines through the point (0, 2) making angles π3 and 2π3 with the x-axis. Also, find the lines parallel to them cutting the y-axis at a distance of 2 units below the origin.

Answer:

The inclinations of the two lines with the positive x-axis are π3 and 2π3.
So, their slopes are m1=tanπ3=3 and m2=tan2π3=-tanπ3=-3.

Now, the equations of the lines that pass through (0, 2) and have slopes m1 and m2 are

y-2=3x-0 and y-2=-3x-0y-3x-2=0 and y+3x-2=0or 3x-y+2=0 and 3x+y-2=0

Now, the equation of the line parallel to the line having slope m1 and intercept c = -2 is

y=m1x+cy=3x-23x-y-2=0

Similarly, the equation of line parallel to the line having slope m2 and intercept c = -2 is

y=m2x+cy=-3x-23x+y+2=0

Page No 23.29:

Question 8:

Find the equations of the straight lines which cut off an intercept 5 from the y-axis and are equally inclined to the axes.

Answer:

It is given that the lines are equally inclined to the axes.
So, their inclinations with the positive x-axis are 45 and 135.
Let m1 and m2 be the slopes of the lines.

 m1=tan45=1 and m2=tan135=-tan45=-1

Thus, the equations of the lines passing through (0, 5) with slopes 1 and -1 are

y-5=1x-0 and y-5=-1x-0y-x-5= and y+x-5=0y=x+5  and  x+y=5

Page No 23.29:

Question 9:

Find the equation of the line which intercepts a length 2 on the positive direction of the x-axis and is inclined at an angle of 135° with the positive direction of y-axis.

Answer:

The required line is shown in the following figure.


The line which is inclined at an angle of 135° with the positive direction of y-axis makes an angle of 45° with x-axis.
Here, m=tan45=1

Thus, the equation of the required line passing through (2, 0) with slope 1 is

y-0=1x-2 x-y-2=0

Page No 23.29:

Question 10:

Find the equation of the straight line which divides the join of the points (2, 3) and (−5, 8) in the ratio 3 : 4 and is also perpendicular to it.

Answer:

Let the required line divide the line joining the points A 2, 3 and B -5, 8 at P (x1, y1).
Here, AP : PB = 3 : 4

 P x1, y1=4×2-5×33+4, 4×3+3×83+4=-1, 367

Now, slope of AB = 8-3-5-2=-57
Let m be the slope of the required line.
Since, the required line is perpendicular to the line joining the points A 2, 3 and B -5, 8

 m×Slope of the line joining the points A2, 3 and B-5, 8=-1m×-57=-1m=75

 
Substituting m=75, x1=-1 and y1=367 in y-y1=mx-x1 we get,

y-367=75x+135y-180=49x+4949x-35y+229=0

Hence, the equation of the required line is 49x-35y+229=0

Page No 23.29:

Question 11:

Prove that the perpendicular drawn from the point (4, 1) on the join of (2, −1) and (6, 5) divides it in the ratio 5 : 8.

Answer:

Let PD be the perpendicular drawn from P (4, 1) on the line joining the points A2, -1 and B6, 5.



Let m be the slope of PD.

 m × Slope of AB=-1m × 5+16-2=-1m × 64=-1m × 32=-1m=-23

Thus, the equation of line PD passing through P (4, 1) and having slope -23 is

y-1=-23x-43y-3=-2x+82x+3y-11=0

Let D divide the line AB in the ratio k : 1
Then, the coordinates of D are 6k+2k+1, 5k-1k+1.

Since, D lies on AB whose equation is 2x+3y-11=0
Therefore, it satisfy the equation.

 26k+2k+1+35k-1k+1-11=012k+4+15k-3-11k-11=016k=10k=58

Hence, the perpendicular drawn from the point (4, 1) on the line joining the points (2, −1) and (6, 5) divides it in the ratio 5 : 8

Page No 23.29:

Question 12:

Find the equations to the altitudes of the triangle whose angular points are A (2, −2), B (1, 1) and C (−1, 0).

Answer:

Let mAD, mBE and mCF be the slopes of the altitudes AD, BE and CF, respectively.


 Slope of AD × Slope of BC=-1mAD ×0-1-1-1=-1mAD ×12=-1mAD = -2


Slope of BE × Slope of AC=-1mBE×0+2-1-2=-1mBE×-23=-1mBE=32


Slope of CF × Slope of AB=-1mCF×1+21-2=-1mCF×-3=-1mCF=13

Now, the equation of AD which passes through A (2, −2) and has slope −2 is

y+2=-2x-22x+y-2=0

The equation of BE, which passes through B (1, 1) and has slope 32 is
y-1=32x-13x-2y-1=0

The equation of CF, which passes through C (−1, 0) and has slope 13 is
y-0=13x+1x-3y+1=0

Page No 23.29:

Question 13:

Find the equation of the right bisector of the line segment joining the points (3, 4) and (−1, 2).

Answer:

Let the given points be A (3, 4) and B (−1, 2).
Let M be the midpoint of AB.

 Coordinates of M=3-12, 4+22=1, 3

And, slope of AB = 2-4-1-3=12

Let m be the slope of the right bisector of the line joining the points (3, 4) and (−1, 2).

 m×Slope of AB=-1m×12=-1m=-2

So, the equation of the line that passes through M (1, 3) and has slope −2 is

y-3=-2x-1 2x+y-5=0

Hence, the equation of the right bisector of the line segment joining the points (3, 4) and (−1, 2) is 2x+y-5=0.

Page No 23.29:

Question 14:

Find the equation of the line passing through the point (−3, 5) and perpendicular to the line joining (2, 5) and (−3, 6).

Answer:

The given points are A 2, 5 and B -3, 6.

Slope of AB =6-5-3-2=-15

Let m be the slope of the required line. Then,

 m×Slope of AB=-1m×-15=-1m=5


So, the equation of the line that passes through (−3, 5) and has slope 5 is

y-5=5x+35x-y+20=0

Hence, the equation of the required line is 5x-y+20=0

Page No 23.29:

Question 15:

Find the equation of the right bisector of the line segment joining the points A (1, 0) and B (2, 3).

Answer:

The given points are A (1, 0) and B (2, 3).
Let M be the midpoint of AB.

 Coordinates of M=1+22, 0+32=32, 32



And, slope of AB = 3-02-1=3

Let m be the slope of the perpendicular bisector of the line joining the points A (1, 0) and B (2, 3).

 m×Slope of AB=-1m×3=-1m=-13
So, the equation of the line that passes through M 32, 32 and has slope -13 is

y-32=-13x-32x+3y-6=0

Hence, the equation of the right bisector of the line segment joining the points A (1, 0) and B (2, 3) is x+3y-6=0.



Page No 23.35:

Question 1:

Find the equation of the straight lines passing through the following pair of points:
(i) (0, 0) and (2, −2)
(ii) (a, b) and (a + c sin α, b + c cos α)
(iii) (0, −a) and (b, 0)
(iv) (a, b) and (a + b, ab)
(v) (at1, a/t1) and (at2, a/t2)
(vi) (a cos α, a sin α) and (a cos β, a sin β)

Answer:

(i) (0, 0) and (2, −2)

 Here, x1, y10, 0 x2, y22, -2

So, the equation of the line passing through the two points (0, 0) and (2, −2) is

y-y1=y2-y1x2-x1x-x1y-0=-2-02-0x-0y=-x

(ii) (a, b) and (a + csin α, b + ccos α)

Here, x1, y1a, b x2, y2a+csinα, b+ccosα

So, the equation of the line passing through the two given points is

y-y1=y2-y1x2-x1x-x1y-b=b+ccosα-ba+csinα-ax-ay-b=cotαx-a

(iii) (0, −a) and (b, 0)

Here, x1, y10, -a x2, y2b, 0

So, the equation of the line passing through the two points is

y-y1=y2-y1x2-x1x-x1y+a=0+ab-0x-0ax-by=ab

(iv) (a, b) and (a + b, ab)

Here, x1, y1a, b x2, y2a+b, a-b

So, the equation of the line passing through the two points is

y-y1=y2-y1x2-x1x-x1y-b=a-b-ba+b-ax-aby-b2=a-2bx-a2+2aba-2bx-by+b2+2ab-a2=0

(v) (at1, a/t1) and (at2, a/t2)

Here, x1, y1at1, at1 x2, y2at2, at2

So, the equation of the line passing through the two points is

y-y1=y2-y1x2-x1x-x1y-at1=at2-at1at2-at1x-at1y-at1=-1t2t1x-at1x+t1t2y=at1+t2

(vi) (acos α, asin α) and (acos β, asin β)

Here, x1, y1acosα, asinα x2, y2acosβ, asinβ

So, the equation of the line passing through the two points is

y-y1=y2-y1x2-x1x-x1y-asinα=asinβ-asinαacosβ-acosαx-acosαy-asinα=sinβ-sinαcosβ-cosαx-acosα

ycosβ-cosα-xsinβ-sinα-asinαcosβ+asinαcosα+acosαsinβ-acosαsinα=0ycosβ-cosα-xsinβ-sinα=asinαcosβ-acosαsinβ2ysinα+β2sinα-β2-2xsinβ-α2cosα+β2=asinα-β2ysinα+β2sinα-β2+2xsinα-β2cosα+β2=2asinα-β2cosα-β2xcosα+β2+ysinα+β2=acosα-β2    dividing by sinα-β2

Page No 23.35:

Question 2:

Find the equations of the sides of the triangles the coordinates of whose angular points are respectively
(i) (1, 4), (2, −3) and (−1, −2)
(ii) (0, 1), (2, 0) and (−1, −2).

Answer:

(i) Let the given points be A (1, 4), B (2, −3) and C (−1, −2).

Let m1, m2 and m3 be the slopes of the sides AB, BC and CA, respectively.

 m1=-3-42-1, m2=-2+3-1-2 and  m3=4+21+1m1=-7, m2=-13 and  m3=3

So, the equations of the sides AB, BC and CA are

y-4=-7x-1, y+3=-13x-2 and y+2=3x+17x+y=11, x+3y+7=0 and 3x-y+1=0

(ii) Let the given points be A (0, 1), B (2, 0) and C (−1, −2).

Let m1, m2 and m3 be the slopes of the sides AB, BC and CA, respectively.

 m1=0-12-0, m2=-2-0-1-2 and  m3=1+20+1m1=-12, m2=23 and  m3=3

So, the equations of the sides AB, BC and CA are

y-1=-12x-0, y-0=23x-2 and y+2=3x+1x+2y=2, 2x-3y=4 and 3x-y+1=0

Page No 23.35:

Question 3:

Find the equations of the medians of a triangle, the coordinates of whose vertices are (−1, 6), (−3, −9) and (5, −8).

Answer:

Let A (−1, 6), B (−3, −9) and C (5, −8) be the coordinates of the given triangle.
Let D, E and F be midpoints of BC, CA and AB, respectively.
So, the coordinates of D, E and F are



D-3+52, -9-82=1, -172E-1+52, 6-82=2, -1F-1-32, 6-92=-2, -32

Median AD passes through A -1, 6 and D 1, -172.
So, its equation is

y-6=-172-61+1x+14y-24=-29x-2929x+4y+5=0

Median BE passes through B -3, -9 and E 2, -1.
So, its equation is

y+9=-1+92+3x+35y+45=8x+248x-5y-21=0

Median CF passes through C 5, -8 and F -2, -32.
So, its equation is

y+8=-32+8-2-5x-5-14y-112=13x-6513x+14y+47=0

Page No 23.35:

Question 4:

Find the equations to the diagonals of the rectangle the equations of whose sides are x = a, x = a', y = b and y = b'.

Answer:

The rectangles formed by the lines x = a, x = a', y = b and y = b' is shown below:

Clearly, the vertices of the rectangle are A a, b, B a', b, C a', b' and D a, b'.

The diagonal passing through A a, b and C a', b' is

y-b=b'-ba'-ax-aa'-ay-ba'-a=b'-bx-ab'-ba'-ay-b'-bx=-ab'-b+ba'-aa'-ay-b'-bx=ba'-ab'

And, the diagonal passing through B a', b and D a, b' is

y-b=b'-ba-a'x-a'a-a'y-ba-a'=b'-bx-a'b'-ba-a'y-b'-bx=-a'b'-b+ba-a'a'-ay+b'-bx=a'b'-ab

Hence, the equations of the diagonals are a'-ay-b'-bx=ba'-ab' and a'-ay+b'-bx=a'b'-ab.

Page No 23.35:

Question 5:

Find the equation of the side BC of the triangle ABC whose vertices are (−1, −2), (0, 1) and (2, 0) respectively. Also, find the equation of the median through (−1, −2).

Answer:

The vertices of triangle ABC are A (−1, −2), B (0, 1) and C (2, 0).

So, the equation of BC is

y-1=0-12-0x-0y-1=-12x-02y-2=-xx+2y-2=0

Let D be the midpoint of BC.

 D0+22, 1+021, 12

So, the equation of median AD is

y+2=12+21+1x+1y+2=54x+14y+8=5x+55x-4y-3=0

Page No 23.35:

Question 6:

By using the concept of equation of a line, prove that the three points (−2, −2), (8, 2) and (3, 0) are collinear.

Answer:

Let the given points be A (−2, −2), B (8, 2) and C (3, 0).

The equation of the line passing through A (−2, −2) and B (8, 2) is

y+2=2+28+2x+2y+2=25x+25y+10=2x+42x-5y-6=0

Clearly, point C (3, 0) satisfies the equation  2x-5y-6=0

Hence, the given points are collinear.

Page No 23.35:

Question 7:

Prove that the line yx + 2 = 0 divides the join of points (3, −1) and (8, 9) in the ratio 2 : 3.

Answer:

Let yx + 2 = 0 divide the line joining the points (3, −1) and (8, 9) at point P in the ratio k : 1

 P3+8kk+1, -1+9kk+1

P lies on the line yx + 2 = 0

-1+9kk+1-3+8kk+1+2=0-1+9k-3-8k+2k+2=03k=2k=23

Hence, the line yx + 2 = 0 divides the line joining the points (3, −1) and (8, 9) in the ratio 2 : 3

Page No 23.35:

Question 8:

Find the equation to the straight line which bisects the distance between the points (a, b), (a', b') and also bisects the distance between the points (−a, b) and (a', −b').

Answer:

Let the given points be A (a, b), B (a', b'), C (−a, b) and D (a', −b').
Let P and Q be the midpoints of AB and CD, respectively.

 Pa+a'2, b+b'2Qa'-a2, b-b'2

The equation of the line passing through P and Q is

y-b+b'2=b-b'2-b+b'2a'-a2-a'+a2x-a+a'22y-b-b'=b'a2x-a-a'2ay-2b'x=ab-a'b'

Hence, the equation of the required straight line is 2ay-2b'x=ab-a'b'

Page No 23.35:

Question 9:

In what ratio is the line joining the points (2, 3) and (4, −5) divided by the line passing through the points (6, 8) and (−3, −2).

Answer:

The equation of the line joining the points (6, 8) and (−3, −2) is

y-8=-2-8-3-6x-610x-9y+12=0

Let 10x  9y + 12 = 0 divide the line joining the points (2, 3) and (4, −5) at point P in the ratio k : 1

 P4k+2k+1, -5k+3k+1

P lies on the line 10x  9y + 12 = 0

104k+2k+1-9-5k+3k+1+12=040k+20+45k-27+12k+12=0 97k+5=0k=-597

Hence, the line joining the points (2, 3) and (4, −5) is divided by the line passing through the points (6, 8) and (−3, −2) in the ratio 5 : 97 externally.

Page No 23.35:

Question 10:

The vertices of a quadrilateral are A (−2, 6), B (1, 2), C (10, 4) and D (7, 8). Find the equation of its diagonals.

Answer:

The two diagonals of the quadrilateral with vertices A (−2, 6), B (1, 2), C (10, 4) and D (7, 8) are AC and BD.

The equation of AC passing through A (−2, 6) and C (10, 4) is

y-6=4-610+2x+2x+6y-34=0

And, the equation of BD passing through B (1, 2) and D (7, 8) is

y-2=8-27-1x-1x-y+1=0

Hence, the equations of the diagonals are x+6y-34=0 and x-y+1=0

Page No 23.35:

Question 11:

The length L (in centimeters) of a copper rod is a linear function of its celsius temperature C. In an experiment, if L = 124.942 when C = 20 and L = 125.134 when C = 110, express L in terms of C.

Answer:

Assuming C along the x-axis and L along the y-axis, we have two points, (20, 124.942) and (110, 125.134), in CL-plane.
As L is a linear function of C, the equation of the line passing through (20, 124.942) and (110, 125.134) is

L-124.942=125.134-124.942110-20C-20L-124.942=0.19290C-20L-124.942=0.03215C-20L=0.03215C+124.942-20×0.03215L=0.03215C+124.942-0.04267L=41875C+124.899

Page No 23.35:

Question 12:

The owner of a milk store finds that he can sell 980 litres milk each week at Rs 14 per liter and 1220 liters of milk each week at Rs 16 per liter. Assuming a linear relationship between selling price and demand, how many liters could he sell weekly at Rs 17 per liter.

Answer:

Let x denote the price per litre and y denote the quantity of the milk sold at this price.
Since there is a linear relationship between the price and the quantity, the line representing this relationship passes through (14, 980) and (16, 1220).
So, the equation of the line passing through these points is

y-980=1220-98016-14x-14y-980=120x-14120x-y-700=0

When x = 17 then we have,

120×17-y-700=0y=1340

Hence, the owner of the milk store can sell 1340 litres of milk at Rs 17 per litre.

Page No 23.35:

Question 13:

Find the equation of the bisector of angle A of the triangle whose vertices are A (4, 3), B (0, 0) and C (2, 3).

Answer:

The vertices of triangle ABC are A (4, 3), B (0, 0) and C (2, 3).



Let us find the lengths of sides AB and AC.

AB=4-02+3-02=5AC=4-22+3-32=2

We know that the internal bisector AD of angle BAC divides BC in the ratio AB : AC  i.e.  5 : 2

 D2×0+5×25+2, 2×0+5×35+2=107, 157

Thus, the equation of AD is

y-3=3-1574-107x-4y-3=13x-4x-3y+5=0

Page No 23.35:

Question 14:

Find the equations to the straight lines which go through the origin and trisect the portion of the straight line 3 x + y = 12 which is intercepted between the axes of coordinates.

Answer:

Let the line 3x + y = 12 intersect the x-axis and the y-axis at A and B, respectively.

At x = 0
0 + y = 12
y = 12

At y = 0
3x + 0 = 12
x = 4

 A4, 0 and B0, 12

Let y=m1x and y=m2x be the lines that pass through the origin and trisect the line 3x + y = 12 at P and Q.
AP = PQ = QB

Let us find the coordinates of P and Q.

P2×4+1×02+1, 2×0+1×122+183, 4Q1×4+2×02+1, 1×0+2×122+143, 8

Clearly, P and Q lie on y=m1x and y=m2x, respectively.

 4=m1×83 and 8=m2×43m1=32 and m2=6

Hence, the required lines are y=32x 2y=3x and y=6x



Page No 23.36:

Question 15:

Find the equations of the diagonals of the square formed by the lines x = 0, y = 0, x = 1 and y =1. [NCERT EXEMPLAR]

Answer:


Suppose ABCD is the reequired square from by four vertices having diagonals AC and BD.
The equation of the diagonal AC is given by

x-0=y-01-01-0x=y
The equation of the diagonal BD is given by

x-1=y-01-00-1x-1=-yx+y=1



Page No 23.46:

Question 1:

Find the equation to the straight line
(i) Cutting off intercepts 3 and 2 from the axes.
(ii) Cutting off intercepts − 5 and 6 from the axes.

Answer:

(i) Here, a = 3, b = 2
So, the equation of the line is

xa+yb=1x3+y2=12x+3y-6=0

(ii) Here, a = -5, b = 6
So, the equation of the line is

xa+yb=1x-5+y6=16x-5y+30=0

Page No 23.46:

Question 2:

Find the equation of the straight line which passes through (1, −2) and cuts off equal intercepts on the axes.

Answer:

The equation of the line cutting off equal intercepts 'a' on the coordinate is

xa+yb=1xa+ya=1x+y=a

The line x + y = a passes through (1, −2)

 1-2=aa=-1

Hence, the equation of the line is x+y=-1

Page No 23.46:

Question 3:

Find the equation to the straight line which passes through the point (5, 6) and has intercepts on the axes
(i) equal in magnitude and both positive,
(ii) equal in magnitude but opposite in sign.

Answer:

(i) Here, a = b

So, the equation of the line is

xa+yb=1xa+ya=1x+y=a

The line x + y = a passes through (5, 6).

 5+6=aa=11

Hence, the equation of the line is x+y=11

(ii) Here, b = -a

So, the equation of the line is

xa+yb=1xa+y-a=1x-y=a

The line x - y = a passes through (5, 6).

 5-6=aa=-1

Hence, the equation of the line is x-y=-1

Page No 23.46:

Question 4:

For what values of a and b the intercepts cut off on the coordinate axes by the line ax + by + 8 = 0 are equal in length but opposite in signs to those cut off by the line 2x − 3y + 6 = 0 on the axes. [NCERT EXEMPLAR]

Answer:

We have 2x − 3y + 6 = 0
2-6x-3-6y=-6-6x-3+y2=1
The x and y intercepts of the above line are −3 and 2 respectively.
Now, ax + by + 8 = 0
a-8x+b-8y=-8-8x-8a+y-8b=1
The x and y intercepts of the above line are -8a and -8b respectively.
According to the question,
-8a=--3 and -8b=-2a=-83 and b=4



Page No 23.47:

Question 5:

Find the equation to the straight line which cuts off equal positive intercepts on the axes and their product is 25.

Answer:

The equation of the line with intercepts a and b is xa+yb=1.
Here, a = b and ab = 25

a×a=25a2=25a=5    we are to take only positive value of intercepts

Hence, the equation of the required line is
x5+y5=1x+y=5

Page No 23.47:

Question 6:

Find the equation of the line which passes through the point (− 4, 3) and the portion of the line intercepted between the axes is divided internally in the ratio 5 : 3 by this point.  [NCERT EXAMPLE]

Answer:


The x - coordinate of the point A is given by
-4=3×a+5×03+5a=-323
The y - coordinate of the point B is given by
3=3×0+5×b3+5b=245
The equation of the line passing is given by
x-323+y245=19x-20y+96=0

Page No 23.47:

Question 7:

A straight line passes through the point (α, β) and this point bisects the portion of the line intercepted between the axes. Show that the equation of the straight line is x2 α+y2 β=1.

Answer:

The equation of the line with intercepts a and b is xa+yb=1

This line intersects the axes at A (a, 0) and B (0, b).

Here, (α, β) is the midpoint of AB.

 α=a+02, β=0+b2a=2α, b=2β

Hence, the equation of the line is x2α+y2β=1

Page No 23.47:

Question 8:

Find the equation of the line which passes through the point (3, 4) and is such that the portion of it intercepted between the axes is divided by the point in the ratio 2:3.

Answer:

The equation of the line with intercepts a and b is xa+yb=1.

Since the line meets the coordinate axes at A and B, the coordinates are A (a, 0) and B (0, b).
Let the given point be P (3, 4).

Here, AP : BP=2 : 3

 3=2×0+3×a2+3, 4=2×b+3×02+33a=15, 2b=20a=5, b=10        

Hence, the equation of the line is
x5+y10=12x+y=10

Page No 23.47:

Question 9:

Point R (h, k) divides a line segment between the axes in the ratio 1 : 2. Find the equation of the line.

Answer:

The equation of the line with intercepts a and b is xa+yb=1.
       
The line passes through R (h, k).

ha+kb=1          ... (1)

The line intersects the coordinate axes at A (a, 0) and B (0, b).

Here, AP : PB = 1 : 2

 h=1×0+2×a1+2, k=1×b+2×01+2a=3h2, b=3k

Substituting a=3h2, b=3k in xa+yb=1

2x3h+y3k=12kx+hy-3hk=0

Hence, the equation of the line is 2kx+hy-3hk=0

Page No 23.47:

Question 10:

Find the equation of the straight line which passes through the point (−3, 8) and cuts off positive intercepts on the coordinate axes whose sum is 7.

Answer:

The equation of the line with intercepts a and b is xa+yb=1.

Here, a + b = 7   
      b = 7 a             ... (1)

The line passes through (−3, 8).

-3a+8b=1                        ... (2)

Substituting b = 7 a in (2) we get,

-3a+87-a=1-37-a+8a=7a-a2a2+4a-21=0a-3a+7=0a=3, a-7       a is positive 

Substituting a = 3 in (1) we get,

b = 7 − 3 = 4

Hence, the equation of the line is x3+y4=1 or 4x + 3y = 12

Page No 23.47:

Question 11:

Find the equation to the straight line which passes through the point (–4, 3) and is such that the portion of it between the axes is divided by the point in the ratio 5 : 3.

Answer:

Let the equation of the required line be xa+yb=1.                     .....(1)
The line intersects the x - axis at (a, 0) and the y - axis at (0, b).
The point (–4, 3) divides the line between the two axes in the ratio 5 : 3.
Using section formula,
5×0+3a5+3,5×b+3×05+3=-4,33a8,5b8=-4,33a8=-4a=-323
Also,
5b8=3b=245
Thus, the two points obtained are -323,0 and 0,245
Putting these values in (1) we get the required equation of the line.
x-323+y245=13x-32+5y24=1-9x+20y96=19x-20y+96=0

Page No 23.47:

Question 12:

Find the equation of a line which passes through the point (22, −6) and is such that the intercept of x-axis exceeds the intercept of y-axis by 5.

Answer:

The equation of the line with intercepts a and b is xa+yb=1

Here, a = b + 5            ... (1)

The line passes through (22, −6).

22a-6b=1           ... (2)

Substituting a = b + 5 from equation (1) in equation (2)

22b+5-6b=122b-6b-30=b2+5bb2-11b+30=0b-5b-6=0b=5, 6

From equation (1)

When b = 5 then, a = 5 + 5 = 10
When b = 6 then, a = 6 + 5 = 11

Thus, the equation of the required line is

x10+y5=1  or  x11+y6=1x+2y-10=0  or  6x+11y-66=0

Page No 23.47:

Question 13:

Find the equation of the line, which passes through P (1, −7) and meets the axes at A and B respectively so that 4 AP − 3 BP = 0.

Answer:

The equation of the line with intercepts a and b is xa+yb=1.

Since the line meets the coordinate axes at A and B, so the coordinates are A (a, 0) and B (0, b).

Given:
4AP-3BP=0AP : BP=3 : 4

Here, P1, -7

 1=3×0+4×a3+4, -7=3×b+4×03+44a=7, 3b=-49a=74, b=-493        

Thus, the equation of the line is

x74+y-493=1

4x7-3y49=128x-3y=49

Page No 23.47:

Question 14:

Find the equation of the line passing through the point (2, 2) and cutting off intercepts on the axes whose sum is 9.

Answer:

The equation of the line with intercepts a and b is xa+yb=1.

Here, a + b = 9  
       b=9-a        ... (1)
       
The line passes through (2, 2).

2a+2b=1          ... (2)

From equations (1) and (2)

2a+29-a=118-2a+2a=9a-a2a2-9a+18=0a-3a-6=0a=3, 6

For a = 3, b = 9 - 3 = 6

For a = 6, b = 9 - 6 = 3

Thus, the equation of the line is

x3+y6=1 or x6+y3=12x+y=6 or x+2y=6

Page No 23.47:

Question 15:

Find the equation of the straight line which passes through the point P (2, 6) and cuts the coordinate axes at the point A and B respectively so that APBP=23.

Answer:

The equation of the line with intercepts a and b is xa+yb=1

Since, the line meets the coordinate axes at A and B, the coordinates of A and B are A (a, 0) and B (0, b).

Given:
AP : BP=2 : 3
Here, P2, 6

 2=2×0+3×a2+3, 6=2×b+3×02+33a=10, 2b=30a=103, b=15        

Thus, the equation of the line is

x103+y15=13x10+y15=19x+2y=30

Page No 23.47:

Question 16:

Find the equations of the straight lines each of which passes through the point (3, 2) and cuts off intercepts a and b respectively on X and Y-axes such that ab = 2.

Answer:

The equation of the line with intercepts a and b is xa+yb=1

Here, ab = 2 
        a = b + 2        ... (1)

The line passes through (3, 2).

3a+2b=1          ... (2)

Substituting a = b + 2 in equation (2)

3b+2+2b=13b+2b+4=b2+2bb2-3b-4=0b-4b+1=0b=4, -1

Now, from equation (1)

For b = 4, a = 4 + 2 = 6

For b = − 1, a = − 1 + 2 = 1

Thus, the equations of the lines are

x1+y-1=1 and x6+y4=1x-y=1 and 2x+3y=12

Page No 23.47:

Question 17:

Find the equations of the straight lines which pass through the origin and trisect the portion of the straight line 2x + 3y = 6 which is intercepted between the axes.

Answer:

Let the line 2x + 3y = 6 intersect the x-axis and the y-axis at A and B, respectively.

At x = 0 we have,
0 + 3y = 6
y = 2

At y = 0 we have,
2x + 0 = 6
x = 3

 A3, 0 and B0, 2

Let y=m1x and y=m2x pass through the origin trisecting the line 2x + 3y = 6 at P and Q.
AP = PQ = QB

Let us find the coordinates of P and Q using the section formula.

P2×3+1×02+1, 2×0+1×22+1=2, 23Q1×3+2×02+1, 1×0+2×22+1=1, 43

Clearly, P and Q lie on y=m1x and y=m2x, respectively.

 23=m1×2 and 43=m2×1m1=13 and m2=43

Hence, the required lines are
y=13x and y=43x
x − 3y = 0 and 4x − 3y = 0

Page No 23.47:

Question 18:

Find the equation of the straight line passing through the point (2, 1) and bisecting the portion of the straight line 3x − 5y = 15 lying between the axes.

Answer:

The equation of the line in intercept form is xa+yb=1.

The line passes through (2, 1).

2a+1b=1          ... (1)

Let the line 3x − 5y = 15 intersect the x-axis and the y-axis at A and B, respectively.

At x = 0 we have,
0 − 5y = 15
y = −3

At y = 0, we have,
3x − 0 = 15
x = 5

 A0, -3 and B5, 0

The midpoint of AB is 52,-32.

Clearly, the point 52,-32 lies on the line xa+yb=1.

52a-32b=1      ... (2)

Using 32×eq (1)+eq (2) we get,

3a+52a=32+1a=115

For a = 115 we have,
1011+1b=1b=11

Hence, the equation of the required line is
5x11+y11=15x+y=11

Page No 23.47:

Question 19:

Find the equation of the straight line passing through the origin and bisecting the portion of the line ax + by + c = 0 intercepted between the coordinate axes.

Answer:

The equation of the line passing through the origin is y = mx.

Let the line ax + by + c = 0 meet the coordinate axes at A and B.
So, the coordinates of A and B are A -ca, 0 and B 0, -cb.
Now, the midpoint of AB is -c2a, -c2b.

Clearly, -c2a, -c2b lies on the line y = mx.

-c2b=m×-c2am=ab

Hence, the equation of the required line is
y=abxax-by=0



Page No 23.53:

Question 1:

Find the equation of a line for which
(i) p = 5, α = 60°
(ii) p = 4, α = 150°
(iii) p = 8, α = 225°
(iv) p = 8, α = 300°

Answer:

(i) Here, p = 5, α = 60°

So, the equation of the line in normal form is

xcos60+ysin60=5x2+3y2=5x+3y=10

(ii) Here, p = 4, α = 150°

So, the equation of the line in normal form is

xcos150+ysin150=4xcos180°-30+ysin180°-30=4-xcos30+ysin30=4-3x2+y2=43x-y+8=0

(iii) Here, p = 8, α = 225°

So, the equation of the line in normal form is

xcos225+ysin225=8xcos180+45+ysin180+45=8-xcos45-ysin45=8-x2-y2=8x+y+82=0

(iv) p = 8, α = 300°

So, the equation of the line in normal form is

xcos300+ysin300=8xcos360-60+ysin360-60=8xcos60-ysin60=8x2-3y2=8x-3y=16

Page No 23.53:

Question 2:

Find the equation of the line on which the length of the perpendicular segment from the origin to the line is 4 and the inclination of the perpendicular segment with the positive direction of x-axis is 30°.

Answer:

Given: p = 4 and ω = 30°.

Equation of the line in normal form is

x cos ω+y sin ω=px cos 30°+y sin 30°=4x32+y12=43x+y=8

Hence, the equation of the line is 3x+y=8.

Page No 23.53:

Question 3:

Find the equation of the line whose perpendicular distance from the origin is 4 units and the angle which the normal makes with the positive direction of x-axis is 15°.

Answer:

Here, p = 4, α=15

Now, cos15=cos45-30=cos45cos30+sin45sin30cos15=12×32+12×12=3+122

And, sin15=sin45-30=sin45cos30-cos45sin30sin15=12×32-12×12=3-122

So, the equation of the line in normal form is

xcosα+ysinα=p3+1x22+3-1y22=43+1x+3-1y=82

Page No 23.53:

Question 4:

Find the equation of the straight line at a distance of 3 units from the origin such that the perpendicular from the origin to the line makes an angle tan−1 512 with the positive direction of x-axis.

Answer:

Here, p = 3, α=tan-1512

 tanα=512sinα=513 and cosα=1213

So, the equation of the line in normal form is

xcosα+ysinα=p12x13+5y13=312x+5y=39

Page No 23.53:

Question 5:

Find the equation of the straight line on which the length of the perpendicular from the origin is 2 and the perpendicular makes an angle α with x-axis such that sin α = 13.

Answer:

Here, p = 2, sinα=13

 cosα=1-sin2αcosα=1-19 =223

So, the equation of the line in normal form is

xcosα+ysinα=p22x3+y3=222x+y=6

Page No 23.53:

Question 6:

Find the equation of the straight line upon which the length of the perpendicular from the origin is 2 and the slope of this perpendicular is 512.

Answer:

Let the perpendicular drawn from the origin make acute angle α with the positive x-axis.
Then, we have,
tanα=512

Here, tan180+α=tanα

So, there are two possible lines, AB and CD, on which the perpendicular drawn from the origin has slope equal to 512.




Now, tanα=512sinα=513 and cosα=1213

Here, p = 2

So, the equations of the lines in normal form are

xcosα+ysinα=p and xcos180+α+ysin180+α=pxcosα+ysinα=2 and -xcosα-ysinα=212x13+5y13=2 and -12x13-5y13=212x+5y=26 and 12x+5y=-26

Page No 23.53:

Question 7:

The length of the perpendicular from the origin to a line is 7 and the line makes an angle of 150° with the positive direction of Y-axis. Find the equation of the line.

Answer:

Let AB be the given line which make an angle of 1500 with the positive
direction of y-axis and OQ be the perpendicular drawn from the origin on the line.
Here, p = 7 and α=30

So, the equation of the line AB  is

xcosα+ysinα=p xcos30+ysin30°=73x2+y2=73x+y=14

Page No 23.53:

Question 8:

Find the value of θ and p, if the equation x cos θ + y sin θ = p is the normal form of the line 3x+y+2=0.

Answer:

The normal form of a line is
x cos θ + y sin θ = p         ... (1)

Let us try to write down the equation 3x+y+2=0 in its normal form.

Now, 3x+y+2=03x+y=-2-32x-y2=1                  Dividing both sides by -2-32x+-12y=1      ... (2)

Comparing equations (1) and (2) we get,

cosθ=-32, and p=1θ=210=7π6 and p=1

Page No 23.53:

Question 9:

Find the equation of the straight line which makes a triangle of area 963 with the axes and perpendicular from the origin to it makes an angle of 30° with Y-axis.

Answer:

Let AB be the given line and OL = p be the perpendicular drawn from the origin on the line.


Here, α=60

So, the equation of the line AB is

xcosα+ysinα=p xcos60+ysin60=px2+3y2=px+3y=2p                  ... (1)

Now, in triangles OLA and OLB

cos60=OLOA and cos30=OLOB12=pOA and 32=pOBOA=2p and OB=2p3

It is given that the area of triangle OAB is 963

 12×OA×OB=96312×2p×2p3=963p2=122p=12

Substituting the value of p in (1)

x+3y=24

Hence, the equation of the line AB is x+3y=24



Page No 23.54:

Question 10:

Find the equation of a straight line on which the perpendicular from the origin makes an angle of 30° with x-axis and which forms a triangle of area 50/3 with the axes.

Answer:

Let AB be the given line and OL = p be the perpendicular drawn from the origin on the line.



Here, α=30

So, the equation of the line AB is

xcosα+ysinα=p xcos30+ysin30=p3x2+y2=p3x+y=2p                  ... (1)

Now, in triangles OLA and OLB

cos30=OLOA and cos60=OLOB32=pOA and 12=pOBOA=2p3 and OB=2p

It is given that the area of triangle OAB is 50/3

 12×OA×OB=50312×2p3×2p=503p2=25p=5

Substituting the value of p in (1):

3x+y=10

Hence, the equation of the line AB is x+3y=10.



Page No 23.65:

Question 1:

A line passes through a point A (1, 2) and makes an angle of 60° with the x-axis and intersects the line x + y = 6 at the point P. Find AP.

Answer:

Here, x1, y1=A 1, 2, θ=60

So, the equation of the line is

x-x1cosθ=y-y1sinθ=rx-1cos60=y-2sin60=rx-112=y-232=rHere, r represents the distance of any point on this line from point A (1, 2). The coordinates of any point P on this line are 1+r2, 2+3r2.

Clearly, P lies on the line x + y = 6
1+r2+2+3r2=63r2+r2=3r3+1=6r=63+1=33-1

AP = 33-1

Page No 23.65:

Question 2:

If the straight line through the point P (3, 4) makes an angle π/6 with the x-axis and meets the line 12x + 5y + 10 = 0 at Q, find the length PQ.

Answer:

Here, x1, y1=P 3, 4, θ=π6=30

So, the equation of the line is

x-x1cosθ=y-y1sinθx-3cos30=y-4sin30x-332=y-412x-3y+43-3=0

Let PQ = r
Then, the coordinates of Q are given by

x-3cos30°=y-4sin30°=r

 x=3+3r2, y=4+r2

Thus, the coordinates of Q are 3+3r2, 4+r2.

Clearly, the point Q lies on the line 12x + 5y + 10 = 0.

123+3r2+5 4+r2+10=066+123+52r=0r=-1325+123

PQ = r = 1325+123

Page No 23.65:

Question 3:

A straight line drawn through the point A (2, 1) making an angle π/4 with positive x-axis intersects another line x + 2y + 1 = 0 in the point B. Find length AB.

Answer:

Here, x1, y1=A 2, 1, θ=π4

So, the equation of the line passing through A (2, 1) is

x-x1cosθ=y-y1sinθx-2cos45=y-1sin45x-212=y-112x-y-1=0

Let AB = r
Thus, the coordinates of B are given by

x-2cos45°=y-1sin45°=r

x=2+r2, y=1+r2

Clearly, point B 2+r2, 1+r2 lies on the line x + 2y + 1 = 0.

 2+r2+21+r2+1=05+3r2=0r=-523

Hence, the length of AB is 523.

Page No 23.65:

Question 4:

A line a drawn through A (4, −1) parallel to the line 3x − 4y + 1 = 0. Find the coordinates of the two points on this line which are at a distance of 5 units from A.

Answer:

The slope of the line 3x − 4y + 1 = 0 or y=34x-14  is 34

So, the slope of the required line is also 34 as it is parallel to the given line.

 tanθ=34sinθ=35 and cosθ=45

Here, x1, y1=A 4, -1

So, the equation of the line passing through A (4, −1) and having slope 34 is

x-x1cosθ=y-y1sinθx-445=y+1353x-12=4y+43x-4y-16=0

Here, AP = r = 5
Thus, the coordinates of P are given by

 x=x1±rcosθ, y=y1±rsinθx=4±545, y=-1±535

x=4±4, y=-1±3x=8, y=2 and x=0, y=-4

Hence, the coordinates of the two points at a distance of 5 units from A are (8, 2) and (0, −4).

Page No 23.65:

Question 5:

The straight line through P (x1, y1) inclined at an angle θ with the x-axis meets the line ax + by + c = 0 in Q. Find the length of PQ.

Answer:

The equation of the line that passes through P x1, y1 and makes an angle of θ with the x-axis is x-x1cosθ=y-y1sinθ.

Let PQ = r
Then, the coordinates of Q are given by

 x=x1+rcosθ, y=y1+rsinθ

Thus, the coordinates of Q are x1+rcosθ, y1+rsinθ.

Clearly, Q lies on the line ax + by + c = 0.

 ax1+rcosθ+b y1+rsinθ+c=0r=-ax1+by1+cacosθ+bsinθ

PQ = ax1+by1+cacosθ+bsinθ



Page No 23.66:

Question 6:

Find the distance of the point (2, 3) from the line 2x − 3y + 9 = 0 measured along a line making an angle of 45° with the x-axis.

Answer:

Here, x1, y1=A 2, 3, θ=45

So, the equation of the line passing through (2, 3) and making an angle of 45° with the x-axis is

x-x1cosθ=y-y1sinθx-2cos45=y-3sin45x-112=y-212x-y+1=0

Let x y + 1 = 0 intersect the line 2x − 3y + 9 = 0 at point P.
Let AP = r
Then, the coordinates of P are given by

x-2cos45°=y-3sin45°=r

x=2+r2 and y=3+r2

Thus, the coordinates of P are 2+r2, 3+r2.

Clearly, P lies on the line 2x − 3y + 9 = 0.

 22+r2-33+r2+9=04+2r2-9-3r2+9=0r2=4r=42

Hence, the distance of the point from the given line is 42.

Page No 23.66:

Question 7:

Find the distance of the point (3, 5) from the line 2x + 3y = 14 measured parallel to a line having slope 1/2.

Answer:

Here, x1, y1=A3, 5, tanθ=12sinθ=112+22 and cosθ=212+22 sinθ=15 and cosθ=25 

So, the equation of the line passing through (3, 5) and having slope 12 is

x-x1cosθ=y-y1sinθx-325=y-515x-2y+7=0

Let x − 2y + 7 = 0 intersect the line 2x + 3y = 14 at point P.
Let AP = r
Then, the coordinates of P are given by

x-325=y-515=r

x=3+2r5 and y=5+r5

Thus, the coordinates of P are 3+2r5, 5+r5.

Clearly, P lies on the line 2x + 3y = 14.
 

 23+2r5+35+r5=146+4r5+15+3r5=147r5=-7r=-5

Hence, the distance of the point (3, 5) from the line 2x + 3y = 14 is 5.

Page No 23.66:

Question 8:

Find the distance of the point (2, 5) from the line 3x + y + 4 = 0 measured parallel to a line having slope 3/4.

Answer:

Here, x1, y1=A 2, 5, tanθ=34sinθ=332+42 and cosθ=432+42 sinθ=35 and cosθ=45

So, the equation of the line passing through A (2, 5) and having slope 34 is

x-x1cosθ=y-y1sinθx-245=y-5353x-6=4y-203x-4y+14=0

Let 3x − 4y + 14 = 0 intersect the line 3x + y + 4 = 0 at point P.
Let AP = r
Then, the coordinates of P are given by

x-245=y-535=r

x=2+4r5 and y=5+3r5

Thus, the coordinates of P are 2+4r5, 5+3r5.

Clearly, P lies on the line 3x + y + 4 =0.

 32+4r5+5+3r5+4=06+12r5+5+3r5+4=03r=-15r=-5

Hence, the distance of the point (2, 5) from the line 3x + y + 4 = 0 is 5.

Page No 23.66:

Question 9:

Find the distance of the point (3, 5) from the line 2x + 3y = 14 measured parallel to the line x − 2y = 1.

Answer:

Here, x1, y1=A 3, 5
It is given that the required line is parallel to x − 2y = 1

2y=x-1y=12x-12

 tanθ=12sinθ=15, cosθ=25

So, the equation of the line is

x-x1cosθ=y-y1sinθx-325=y-515x-3=2y-10x-2y+7=0

Let line x-2y+7=0 cut line 2x + 3y = 14 at P.

Let AP = r
Then, the coordinates of P are given by

x-325=y-515=r

x=3+2r5, y=5+r5

Thus, the coordinates of P are 3+2r5, 5+r5.
Clearly, P lies on the line 2x + 3y = 14.

 23+2r5+3 5+r5=147+7r5=0r=-5

APr = 5

Page No 23.66:

Question 10:

Find the distance of the point (2, 5) from the line 3x + y + 4 = 0 measured parallel to the line 3x − 4y + 8 = 0.

Answer:

Here, x1, y1=A2, 5
It is given that the required line is parallel to 3x −4y + 8 = 0

4y=3x+8y=34x+2

 tanθ=34sinθ=35, cosθ=45

So, the equation of the line is

x-x1cosθ=y-y1sinθx-245=y-5353x-6=4y-203x-4y+14=0

Let the line 3x-4y+14=0 cut the line 3x + y + 4 = 0 at P.

Let AP = r
Then, the coordinates of P are given by

x-245=y-535=r

x=2+4r5, y=5+3r5

Thus, the coordinates of P are 2+4r5, 5+3r5.

Clearly, P lies on the line 3x + y + 4 = 0.

 32+4r5+ 5+3r5+4=0 6+12r5+ 5+3r5+4=015+15r5=0r=-5

AP = r = 5

Page No 23.66:

Question 11:

Find the distance of the line 2x + y = 3 from the point (−1, −3) in the direction of the line whose slope is 1.

Answer:

Here, x1, y1=A-1, -3 and tanθ=1sinθ=12, cosθ=12

So, the equation of the line is

x-x1cosθ=y-y1sinθx+112=y+312x+1=y+3x-y-2=0

Let line x-y-2=0 cut line 2x + y = 3 at P.

Let AP = r
Then, the coordinates of P are given by

x+1cosθ=y+3sinθ=r

 x=-1+rcosθ, y=-3+rsinθ

x=-1+r2, y=-3+r2

Thus, the coordinates of P are -1+r2, -3+r2

Clearly, P lies on the line 2x + y = 3.

 2-1+r2-3+r2=3-2-2r-3+r2=33r2=8r=823

AP = 823

Page No 23.66:

Question 12:

A line is such that its segment between the straight lines 5xy − 4 = 0 and 3x + 4y − 4 = 0 is bisected at the point (1, 5). Obtain its equation.

Answer:

Let P1P2 be the intercept between the lines 5xy − 4 = 0 and 3x + 4y − 4 = 0.
Let P1P2 make an angle θ with the positive x-axis.

Here, x1, y1=A 1, 5

So, the equation of the line passing through A (1, 5) is

x-x1cosθ=y-y1sinθx-1cosθ=y-5sinθy-5x-1=tanθ




Let AP1=AP2=r
Then, the coordinates of P1 and P2 are given by

x-1cosθ=y-5sinθ=r and x-1cosθ=y-5sinθ=-r

 So, the coordinates of P1 and P2 are 1+rcosθ, 5+rsinθ and 1-rcosθ, 5-rsinθ, respectively.

Clearly, P1 and P2 lie on 5xy − 4 = 0 and 3x + 4y − 4 = 0, respectively.

 51+rcosθ-5-rsinθ-4=0 and 31-rcosθ+45-rsinθ-4=0r=45cosθ-sinθ and r=193cosθ+4sinθ45cosθ-sinθ =193cosθ+4sinθ95cosθ-19sinθ=12cosθ+16sinθ83cosθ=35sinθtanθ=8335

Thus, the equation of the required line is

y-5x-1=tanθy-5x-1=833583x-35y+92=0

Page No 23.66:

Question 13:

Find the equation of straight line passing through (−2, −7) and having an intercept of length 3 between the straight lines 4x + 3y = 12 and 4x + 3y = 3.

Answer:

Here, x1, y1=A-2, -7

So, the equation of the line is

x-x1cosθ=y-y1sinθx+2cosθ=y+7sinθ



Let the required line intersect the lines 4x + 3y = 3 and 4x + 3y = 12 at P1 and P2.

Let AP1 = r1 and AP2 = r2
Then, the coordinates of P1 and P2 are given by x+2cosθ=y+7sinθ=r1 and x+2cosθ=y+7sinθ=r2, respectively.

Thus, the coordinates of P1 and P2 are -2+r1cosθ, -7+r1sinθ and -2+r2cosθ, -7+r2sinθ, respectively.

Clearly, the points P1 and P2 lie on the lines 4x + 3y = 3 and 4x + 3y = 12

4-2+r1cosθ+3-7+r1sinθ=3 and 4-2+r2cosθ+3-7+r2sinθ=12r1=324cosθ+3sinθ and r2=414cosθ+3sinθ


Here, AP2-AP1=3r2-r1=3414cosθ+3sinθ-324cosθ+3sinθ=33=4cosθ+3sinθ31-sinθ=4cosθ91+sin2θ-2sinθ=16cos2θ=161-sin2θ25sin2θ-18sinθ-7=0sinθ-125sinθ+7=0sinθ=1, sinθ=-725 cosθ=0, cosθ=2425

Thus, the equation of the required line is


x+2=0 or x+22425=y+7-725x+2=0 or 7x+24y+182=0



Page No 23.72:

Question 1:

Reduce the equation 3 x + y + 2 = 0 to:
(i) slope-intercept form and find slope and y-intercept;
(ii) intercept form and find intercept on the axes;
(iii) the normal form and find p and α.

Answer:

(i) 3x + y + 2 = 0

y=-3x-2

This is the slope intercept form of the given line.

Here, slope = -3 and y-intercept = -2

(ii) 3x + y + 2 = 0

3x+y=-23x-2+y-2=1                   Dividing both sides by -2x-23+y-2=1

This is the intercept form of the given line.

Here, x-intercept = -23 and y-intercept = -2

(iii) 3x + y + 2 = 0

-3x-y=2-3x-32+-12-y-32+-12=2-32+-12         Dividing both sides by coefficient of x2+coefficient of y2-3x2-y2=1

This is the normal form of the given line.
Here,  p = 1, cosα=-32 and sinα=-12
α=210

Page No 23.72:

Question 2:

Reduce the following equations to the normal form and find p and α in each case:
(i) x+3y-4=0
(ii) x+y+2=0
(iii) x-y+22=0
(iv) x − 3 = 0
(v) y − 2 = 0.

Answer:

(i) x+3y-4=0

x+3y=4x12+32+3y12+32=412+32    Dividing both sides by coefficient of x2+coefficient of y2x2+3y2=2

This is the normal form of the given line, where p = 2, cosα=12 and sinα=32α=π3.

(ii) x+y+2=0

-x-y=2-x-12+-12-y-12+-12=2-12+-12         Dividing both sides by coefficient of x2+coefficient of y2-x2-y2=1

This is the normal form of the given line, where p = 1, cosα=-12 and
sinα=-12α=225      The coefficent of x and y are negative.So, α lies in third quadrant

(iii) x-y+22=0

-x+y=22-x-12+12+y-12+12=22-12+12          Dividing both sides by coefficient of x2+coefficient of y2-x2+y2=2

This is the normal form of the given line, where p = 2, cosα=-12 and
sinα=12α=135    The coefficent of x and y are negative and positive respectively.So, α lies in second quadrant.

(iv) x − 3 = 0

x=3x+0×y=3x12+02+0×y12+02=312+02            Dividing both sides by coefficient of x2+coefficient of y2x+0×y=3

This is the normal form of the given line, where p = 3, cosα=1 and sinα=0α=0.

(v) y − 2 = 0

y=20×x+y=20×x02+12+y02+12=202+12              Dividing both sides by coefficient of x2+coefficient of y20×x+y=2

This is the normal form of the given line, where p = 2, cosα=0 and sinα=1α=90.

Page No 23.72:

Question 3:

Put the equation xa+yb=1 to the slope intercept form and find its slope and y-intercept.

Answer:

The given equation is xa+yb=1

     bx+ay=abay=-bx+aby=-bax+b

This is the slope intercept form of the given line.

∴ Slope = -ba and y-intercept = b

Page No 23.72:

Question 4:

Reduce the lines 3 x − 4 y + 4 = 0 and 2 x + 4 y − 5 = 0 to the normal form and hence find which line is nearer to the origin.

Answer:

Let us write down the normal forms of the lines 3x − 4y + 4 = 0 and 2x + 4y − 5 = 0.

-3x+4y=4-3-32+42x+4-32+42y=4-32+42         Dividing both sides by coefficient of x2+coefficient of y2-35x+45y=45                             ... (1)

Now,  2x + 4y = − 5

-2x-4y=5

-222+42x-422+42y=522+42       Dividing both sides by coefficient of x2+coefficient of y2-225x-425y=525             ... (2)

From equations (1) and (2):
45<525

Hence, the line 3x − 4y + 4 = 0 is nearer to the origin.

Page No 23.72:

Question 5:

Show that the origin is equidistant from the lines 4x + 3y + 10 = 0; 5x − 12y + 26 = 0 and 7x + 24y = 50.

Answer:

Let us write down the normal forms of the given lines.

First line: 4x + 3y + 10 = 0

-4x-3y=10-4-42+-32x-3-42+-32y=10-42+-32     Dividing both sides by coefficient of x2+coefficient of y2-45x-35y=2                            p=2

Second line: 5x − 12y + 26 = 0

-5x+12y=26-5-52+122x+12-52+122y=26-52+122    Dividing both sides by coefficient of x2+coefficient of y2-513x+1213y=  2 p=2

Third line: 7x + 24y = 50

772+242x+2472+242y=5072+242    Dividing both sides by coefficient of x2+coefficient of y2725x+2425y=2 p=2

Hence, the origin is equidistant from the given lines.

Page No 23.72:

Question 6:

Find the values of θ and p, if the equation x cos θ + y sin θ = p is the normal form of the line 3x+y+2=0.

Answer:

The normal form of the line 3x+y+2=0 is

-3x-y=2-3-32+-12x-1-32+-12y=2-32+-12    Dividing both sides by coefficient of x2+coefficient of y2-32x-12y=1

Comparing the equations xcos θ + ysin θ = p  and -32x-12y=1 we get,

cosθ=-32, sinθ=-12 and p=1

θ=210 and p=1

Page No 23.72:

Question 7:

Reduce the equation 3x − 2y + 6 = 0 to the intercept form and find the x and y intercepts.

Answer:

The given equation is 3x − 2y + 6 = 0

  3x-2y=-63-6x+2y6=1       Dividing both sides by -6x-2+y3=1

This is the intercept form of the given line.

x-intercept = −2 and y-intercept = 3

Page No 23.72:

Question 8:

The perpendicular distance of a line from the origin is 5 units and its slope is − 1. Find the equation of the line.

Answer:

Let c be the intercept on the y-axis.
Then, the equation of the line is

y=-x+c       m=-1x+y=cx12+12+y12+12=c12+12            Dividing both sides by coefficient of x2+coefficient of y2x2+y2=c2    

This is the normal form of the given line.
Therefore, c2 denotes the length of the perpendicular from the origin.
But, the length of the perpendicular is 5 units.

 c2=5c=±52

Thus, substituting c=±52 in y=-x+c, we get the equation of line to be y=-x+52  or, x+y-52=0 



Page No 23.77:

Question 1:

Find the point of intersection of the following pairs of lines:
(i) 2xy + 3 = 0 and x + y − 5 = 0
(ii) bx + ay = ab and ax + by = ab.
(iii) y=m1 x+am1 and y=m2 x+am2.

Answer:

(i)
The equations of the lines are as follows:

2xy + 3 = 0                   ... (1)

x + y − 5 = 0                     ... (2)

Solving (1) and (2) using cross-multiplication method:

x5-3=y3+10=12+1x2=y13=13x=23 and y=133

Hence, the point of intersection is 23,133.

(ii)
The equations of the lines are as follows:

bx + ay = ab                   

bx + ay − ab = 0         ... (1)

ax + by = ab                   

ax + by − ab = 0          ... (2)

Solving (1) and (2) using cross-multiplication method:

x-a2b+ab2=y-a2b+ab2=1b2-a2xabb-a=yabb-a=1a+bb-ax=aba+b and y=aba+b

Hence, the point of intersection is aba+b, aba+b.
(iii)
The equations of the lines are y=m1 x+am1 and y=m2 x+am2.
Thus, we have:
m1 x-y+am1=0           ... (1)                

m2 x-y+am2=0           ... (2)

Solving (1) and (2) using cross-multiplication method:

x-am2+am1=yam2m1-am1m2=1-m1+m2x=-am2+am1-m1+m2, y=am2m1-am1m2-m1+m2x=am1m2 and y=am1+m2m1m2

Hence, the point of intersection is am1m2, am1+m2m1m2 or am1m2, a1m1+1m2.

Page No 23.77:

Question 2:

Find the coordinates of the vertices of a triangle, the equations of whose sides are
(i) x + y − 4 = 0, 2xy + 3 = 0 and x − 3y + 2 = 0
(ii) y (t1 + t2) = 2x + 2a t1t2, y (t2 + t3) = 2x + 2a t2t3 and, y (t3 + t1) = 2x + 2a t1t3.

Answer:

(i) x + y − 4 = 0, 2xy + 3 = 0 and x − 3y + 2 = 0

x + y − 4 = 0      ... (1)

2xy + 3 = 0    ... (2)

x − 3y + 2 = 0    ... (3)

Solving (1) and (2) using cross-multiplication method:

x3-4=y-8-3=1-1-2x=13, y=113      

Solving (1) and (3) using cross-multiplication method:

x2-12=y-4-2=1-3-1x=52, y=32

Similarly, solving (2) and (3) using cross-multiplication method:

x-2+9=y3-4=1-6+1x=-75, y=15

Hence, the coordinates of the vertices of the triangle are 13, 113, 52, 32 and -75, 15.

(ii) y (t1 + t2) = 2x + 2a t1t2, y (t2 + t3) = 2x + 2a t2t3 and y (t3 + t1) = 2x + 2a t1t3

2xy (t1 + t2) + 2a t1t2 = 0     ... (1)

2xy (t2 + t3) + 2a t2t3 = 0     ... (2)

2xy (t3 + t1) + 2a t1t3 = 0     ... (3)

Solving (1) and (2) using cross-multiplication method:

x-2at2t3t1+t2+2at1t2t2+t3=y4at1t2-4at2t3=1-2t2+t3+2t1+t2x2at22t1-t3=y4at2t1-t3=12t1-t3x=at22, y=2at2      

Solving (1) and (3) using cross-multiplication method:

x-2at1t3t1+t2+2at1t2t3+t1=y4at1t2-4at1t3=1-2t3+t1+2t1+t2x2at12t2-t3=y4at1t2-t3=12t2-t3x=at12, y=2at1

Similarly, solving (2) and (3) using cross-multiplication method:

x-2at1t3t2+t3+2at2t3t3+t1=y4at2t3-4at1t3=1-2t3+t1+2t2+t3x2at32t2-t1=y4at3t2-t1=12t2-t1x=at32, y=2at3

Hence, the coordinates of the vertices of the triangle are at12, 2at1, at22, 2at2 and at32, 2at3.



Page No 23.78:

Question 3:

Find the area of the triangle formed by the lines
(i) y = m1 x + c1, y = m2 x + c2 and x = 0
(ii) y = 0, x = 2 and x + 2y = 3.
(iii) x + y − 6 = 0, x − 3y − 2 = 0 and 5x − 3y + 2 = 0

Answer:

(i) y = m1x + c1      ... (1)

y = m2x + c2          ... (2)

x = 0                      ... (3)

In triangle ABC, let equations (1), (2) and (3) represent the sides AB, BC and CA, respectively.

Solving (1) and (2):
x=c2-c1m1-m2, y=m1c2-m2c1m1-m2

Thus, AB and BC intersect at B c2-c1m1-m2,m1c2-m2c1m1-m2.

Solving (1) and (3):
x=0, y=c1

Thus, AB and CA intersect at A 0,c1.

Similarly, solving (2) and (3):
x=0, y=c2

Thus, BC and CA intersect at C 0,c2.

∴ Area of triangle ABC = 120c110c21c2-c1m1-m2m1c2-m2c1m1-m21

                                   = 12c2-c1m1-m2c1-c2=12c1-c22m2-m1

(ii) y = 0           ... (1)

x = 2               ... (2)

x + 2y = 3       ... (3) 

In triangle ABC, let equations (1), (2) and (3) represent the sides AB, BC and CA, respectively.

Solving (1) and (2):
x = 2, y = 0

Thus, AB and BC intersect at B (2, 0).

Solving (1) and (3):
x = 3, y = 0

Thus, AB and CA intersect at A (3, 0).

Similarly, solving (2) and (3):
x = 2, y = 12

Thus, BC and CA intersect at C 2, 12.

∴ Area of triangle ABC = 122013012121=14

(iii) x + y − 6 = 0      ... (1)

x − 3y − 2 = 0         ... (2)

5x − 3y + 2 = 0       ... (3)

In triangle ABC, let equations (1), (2) and (3) represent the sides AB, BC and CA, respectively.

Solving (1) and (2):
x = 5, y = 1

Thus, AB and BC intersect at B (5, 1).

Solving (1) and (3):
x = 2, y = 4

Thus, AB and CA intersect at A (2, 4).

Similarly, solving (2) and (3):
x = −1, y = −1

Thus, BC and CA intersect at C (−1, −1).

∴ Area of triangle ABC = 12511241-1-11=12 

Page No 23.78:

Question 4:

Find the equations of the medians of a triangle, the equations of whose sides are:
3x + 2y + 6 = 0, 2x − 5y + 4 = 0 and x − 3y − 6 = 0

Answer:

The given equations are as follows:

3x + 2y + 6 = 0          ... (1)

2x − 5y + 4 = 0          ... (2)

x − 3y − 6 = 0            ... (3)

In triangle ABC, let equations (1), (2) and (3) represent the sides AB, BC and CA, respectively.

Solving (1) and (2):
x = −2, y = 0

Thus, AB and BC intersect at B (−2, 0).

Solving (1) and (3):
x-611, y = -2411

Thus, AB and CA intersect at A -611, -2411.

Similarly, solving (2) and (3):
x = −42, y = −16

Thus, BC and CA intersect at C (−42, −16).

Let D, E and F be the midpoints the sides BC, CA and AB, respectively.Then,
Then, we have:

D=-2-422, 0-162=-22, -8

E=-611-422, -2411-162=-23411, -10011

F=-611-22, -2411+02=-1411, -1211



Now, the equation of median AD is

y+2411=-8+2411-22+611x+61116x-59y-120=0

The equation of median BE is

y-0=-10011-0-23411+2x+225x-53y+50=0

And, the equation of median CF is

y+16=-1211+16-1411+42x+4241x-112y-70=0

Page No 23.78:

Question 5:

Prove that the lines y=3x+1, y=4 and y=-3x+2 form an equilateral triangle.

Answer:

The given equations are as follows:

y=3x+1               ... (1)

y = 4                           ... (2)

y=-3x+2            ... (3)

In triangle ABC, let equations (1), (2) and (3) represent the sides AB, BC and CA, respectively.

Solving (1) and (2):
x=3, y = 4

Thus, AB and BC intersect at B 3, 4.

Solving (1) and (3):
x=123, y=32

Thus, AB and CA intersect at A 123, 32.

Similarly, solving (2) and (3):
x=-23, y=4

Thus, BC and AC intersect at C -23, 4.

Now, we have:

AB=123-32+32-42=53BC=3+232+4-42=53AC=123+232+32-42=53

Hence, the given lines form an equilateral triangle.

Page No 23.78:

Question 6:

Classify the following pairs of lines as coincident, parallel or intersecting:
(i) 2x + y − 1 = 0 and 3x + 2y + 5 = 0
(ii) xy = 0 and 3x − 3y + 5 = 0
(iii) 3x + 2y − 4 = 0 and 6x + 4y − 8 = 0.

Answer:

Let a1x+b1y+c1=0 and a2x+b2y+c2=0 be the two lines.

(a) The lines intersect if a1a2b1b2 is true.

(b) The lines are parallel if a1a2=b1b2c1c2 is true.

(c) The lines are coincident if a1a2=b1b2=c1c2 is true.

(i) 2x + y − 1 = 0 and 3x + 2y + 5 = 0

Here, 2312
Therefore, the lines 2x + y − 1 = 0 and 3x + 2y + 5 = 0 intersect.

(ii) xy = 0 and 3x − 3y + 5 = 0

Here, 13=-1-305
Therefore, the lines xy = 0 and 3x − 3y + 5 = 0 are parallel.

(iii) 3x + 2y − 4 = 0 and 6x + 4y − 8 = 0

Here, 36=24=-4-8
Therefore, the lines 3x + 2y − 4 = 0 and 6x + 4y − 8 = 0 are coincident.

Page No 23.78:

Question 7:

Find the equation of the line joining the point (3, 5) to the point of intersection of the lines 4x + y − 1 = 0 and 7x − 3y − 35 = 0.

Answer:

We have,
4x + y − 1 = 0         ... (1)

7x − 3y − 35 = 0     ... (2)


Solving (1) and (2) using cross-multiplication method:

x-35-3=y-7+140=1-12-7x=2, y=-7      

Thus, the point of intersection of the given lines is 2,-7.

So, the equation of the line joining the points (3, 5) and 2, -7 is

y-5=-7-52-3x-3y-5=12x-3612x-y-31=0

Page No 23.78:

Question 8:

Find the equation of the line passing through the point of intersection of the lines 4x − 7y − 3 = 0 and 2x − 3y + 1 = 0 that has equal intercepts on the axes.

Answer:

We have,
4x − 7y − 3 = 0     ... (1)

2x − 3y + 1 = 0     ... (2)


Solving (1) and (2) using cross-multiplication method:

x-7-9=y-6-4=1-12+14x=-8, y=-5      

Thus, the point of intersection of the given lines is -8, -5.

Now, the equation of a line having equal intercept as a is xa+ya=1.

This line passes through -8, -5.

-8a-5a=1-8-5=aa=-13

Hence, the equation of the required line is x-13+y-13=1 or  x+y+13=0.

Page No 23.78:

Question 9:

Show that the area of the triangle formed by the lines y = m1 x, y = m2 x and y = c is equal to c2433+11, where m1, m2 are the roots of the equation x2+3+2x+3-1=0.

Answer:

The given lines are as follows:

y = m1 x      ... (1)

y = m2 x      ... (2)

y = c            ... (3)

Solving (1) and (2), we get (0, 0) as their point of intersection.

Solving (1) and (3), we get cm1, c as their point of intersection.

Similarly, solving (2) and (3), we get cm2, c as their point of intersection.

∴ Area of the triangle formed by these lines = 12001cm1c1cm2c1=12c2m1-c2m2=c22m2-m1m1m2

It is given that m1 and m2 are the roots of the equation x2+3+2x+3-1=0.

 m1+m2=-3+2, m1m2=3-1m2-m1=m1+m22-4m1m2m2-m1=-3+22-43+4m2-m1=7+43-43+4=11



 Area=c22113-1=c223+1113+13-1             =c2233+112=c2433+11

Page No 23.78:

Question 10:

If the straight line xa+yb=1 passes through the point of intersection of the lines x + y = 3 and 2x − 3y = 1 and is parallel to xy − 6 = 0, find a and b.

Answer:

The given lines are x + y = 3 and 2x − 3y = 1.

x + y − 3 = 0       ... (1)

2x − 3y − 1 = 0    ... (2)

Solving (1) and (2) using cross-multiplication method:
x-1-9=y-6+1=1-3-2x=2, y=1

Thus, the point of intersection of the given lines is (2, 1).

It is given that the line xa+yb=1 passes through (2, 1).

 2a+1b=1              ... (3)

It is also given that the line xa+yb=1 is parallel to the line xy − 6 = 0.

Hence, Slope of xa+yb=1 y=-bax+b is equal to the slope of xy − 6 = 0 or, y = x − 6

-ba=1

b=-a                    ... (4)

From (3) and (4):
2a-1a=1a=1

From (4):
b = −1

a = 1, b = −1

Page No 23.78:

Question 11:

Find the orthocentre of the triangle the equations of whose sides are x + y = 1, 2x + 3y = 6 and 4xy + 4 = 0.

Answer:

The given lines are as follows:

x + y = 1                     ... (1)

2x + 3y = 6                 ... (2)

4xy + 4 = 0            ... (3)

In triangle ABC, let equations (1), (2) and (3) represent the sides AB, BC and CA, respectively.


Solving (1) and (2):
x = −3, y = 4

Thus, AB and BC intersect at B (−3, 4).

Solving (1) and (3):
x-35 , y = 85

Thus, AB and CA intersect at A -35, 85.

Let AD and  BE be the altitudes.

ADBC and BEAC

Slope of AD × Slope of BC = −1
  and Slope of BE × Slope of AC = −1

Here, slope of BC = slope of the line (2) = -23 and slope of AC = slope of the line (3) = 4

 Slope of AD×-23=-1 and slope of BE×4=-1Slope of AD=32 and slope of BE=-14

The equation of the altitude AD passing through A -35, 85 and having slope 32 is

y-85=32x+35

3x-2y+5=0          ... (4)

The equation of the altitude BE passing through B (−3, 4) and having slope -14 is

y-4=-14x+3

x+4y-13=0          ... (5)

Solving (4) and (5), we get 37, 227 as the orthocentre of the triangle.

Page No 23.78:

Question 12:

Three sides AB, BC and CA of a triangle ABC are 5x − 3y + 2 = 0, x − 3y − 2 = 0 and x + y − 6 = 0 respectively. Find the equation of the altitude through the vertex A.

Answer:

The sides AB, BC and CA of a triangle ABC are as follows:

5x − 3y + 2 = 0                     ... (1)

x − 3y − 2 = 0                       ... (2)

x + y − 6 = 0                         ... (3)

Solving (1) and (3):
x = 2 , y = 4



Thus, AB and CA intersect at A (2, 4).

Let AD be the altitude.

 ADBC 

Slope of AD × Slope of BC = −1

Here, slope of BC = slope of the line (2) = 13

 Slope of AD×13=-1 Slope of AD=-3

Hence, the equation of the altitude AD passing through A (2, 4) and having slope −3 is

y-4=-3x-23x+y=10

Page No 23.78:

Question 13:

Find the coordinates of the orthocentre of the triangle whose vertices are (−1, 3), (2, −1) and (0, 0).

Answer:

Let A (0, 0), B (−1, 3) and C (2, −1) be the vertices of the triangle ABC.
Let AD and BE be the altitudes.



 ADBC and BEAC 

Slope of AD × Slope of BC = −1
     Slope of BE × Slope of AC = −1

Here, slope of BC = -1-32+1=-43
 and slope of AC = -1-02-0=-12

Slope of AD×-43=-1 and slope of BE×-12=-1 Slope of AD=34and slope of BE=2 

The equation of the altitude AD passing through A (0, 0) and having slope 34 is

y-0=34x-0y=34x           .... (1)

The equation of the altitude BE passing through B (−1, 3) and having slope 2 is

y-3=2x+12x-y+5=0    .... (2)

Solving (1) and (2):
x = − 4, y = − 3

Hence, the coordinates of the orthocentre is (−4, −3).

Page No 23.78:

Question 14:

Find the coordinates of the incentre and centroid of the triangle whose sides have the equations 3x − 4y = 0, 12y + 5x = 0 and y − 15 = 0.

Answer:

The given lines are as follows:

3x − 4y = 0                     ... (1)

12y + 5x = 0                   ... (2)

y − 15 = 0                       ... (3)
 
In triangle ABC, let equations (1), (2) and (3) represent the sides AB, BC and CA, respectively.



Solving (1) and (2):
x = 0, y = 0

Thus, AB and BC intersect at B (0, 0).

Solving (1) and (3):
x = 20 , y = 15

Thus, AB and CA intersect at A (20, 15).

Solving (2) and (3):
x = −36 , y = 15

Thus, BC and CA intersect at C (−36, 15).

Let us find the lengths of sides AB, BC and CA.

AB=20-02+15-02=25BC=0+362+0-152=39AC=20+362+15-152=56

Here, a = BC = 39, b = CA = 56 and c = AB = 25
Also, x1, y1 = A (20, 15), x2, y2 = B (0, 0) and x3, y3 = C (−36, 15)

 Centroid=x1+x2+x33, y1+y2+y33                    =20+0-363, 15+0+153=-163, 10

And, incentre=ax1+bx2+cx3a+b+c, ay1+by2+cy3a+b+c                      =39×20+56×0-25×3639+56+25, 39×15+56×0+25×1539+56+25                      =-120120, 120×8120=-1, 8

Page No 23.78:

Question 15:

Prove that the lines 3x+y=0, 3y+x=0, 3x+y=1 and 3y+x=1 form a rhombus.

Answer:

The given lines are as follows:

3x+y=0                      ... (1) 

3y+x=0                      ... (2)

3x+y=1                      ... (3)

3y+x=1                      ... (4)

In quadrilateral ABCD, let equations (1), (2), (3) and (4) represent the sides AB, BC, CD and DA, respectively.

Lines (1) and (3) are parallel and lines (2) and (4) are parallel.

Solving (1) and (2):
x = 0, y = 0.

Thus, AB and BC intersect at B (0, 0).

Solving (1) and (4):
x-12 , y = 32

Thus, AB and DA intersect at A -12, 32.

Solving (3) and (2):
x32 , y = -12

Thus, BC and CD intersect at C 32, -12.

Solving (3) and (4):
x3-12 , y = 3-12

Thus, DA and CD intersect at D 3-12, 3-13.

Let us find the lengths of sides AB, BC and CD and DA.

AB=0-122+0-322=1BC=32-02+-12-02=1CD=3-12-322+3-12+122=1DA=3-12+122+3-12-322=1

Hence, the given lines form a rhombus.

Page No 23.78:

Question 16:

Find the equation of the line passing through the intersection of the lines 2x + y = 5 and x + 3y + 8 = 0 and parallel to the line 3x + 4y = 7.

Answer:

The point of intersection of lines 2x + y = 5 and x + 3y + 8 = 0 is given by
235,-215 
Now, the slope of the line 3x + 4y = 7 or y=-34x+74  is -34 
Now, we know that the slopes of two parallel lines are equal.
So, the slope of the required line is -34 
Now, the equation of the required line passing through 235,-215  and having slope -34  is given by
y+215=-34x-235y+215=-34x+6920y+34x=6920-21520y+15x=-153x+4y+3=0

Page No 23.78:

Question 17:

Find the equation of the straight line passing through the point of intersection of the lines 5x − 6y − 1 = 0 and 3x + 2y + 5 = 0 and perpendicular to the line 3x − 5y + 11 = 0               [NCERT EXAMPLE]

Answer:

The point of intersection of lines 5x − 6y − 1 = 0 and 3x + 2y + 5 = 0 is given by (− 1, − 1)

Now, the slope of the line 3x − 5y + 11 = 0 or y=35x+115  is 35 
Now, we know that the product of the slopes of two perpendicular lines is − 1.
Let the slope of the required line be m
m×35=-1m=-53 
Now, the equation of the required line passing through (− 1, − 1) and having slope -53  is given by
y+1=-53x+13y+3=-5x-55x+3y+8=0



Page No 23.83:

Question 1:

Prove that the following sets of three lines are concurrent:
(i) 15x − 18y + 1 = 0, 12x + 10y − 3 = 0 and 6x + 66y − 11 = 0

(ii) 3x − 5y − 11 = 0, 5x + 3y − 7 = 0 and x + 2y = 0

(iii) xa+yb=1,xb+ya=1 and y=x.

Answer:

(i) Given:
15x − 18y + 1 = 0          ... (1)

12x + 10y − 3 = 0          ... (2)

6x + 66y − 11 = 0          ... (3)

Now, consider the following determinant:

15-1811210-3666-11=15-110+198+18-132+18+1792-60

15-1811210-3666-11=1320-2052+732=0

Hence, the given lines are concurrent.

(ii)

Given:
3x − 5y − 11 = 0          ... (1)

5x + 3y − 7 = 0            ... (2)

x + 2y = 0                     ... (3)

Now, consider the following determinant:

3-5-1153-7120=3×14+5×7-11×7=0

Hence, the given lines are concurrent.

(iii)

Given:
bx+ay-ab=0            ... (1)

ax+by-ab=0            ... (2)

x − y = 0                   ... (3)

Now, consider the following determinant:

ba-abab-ab1-10=-b×ab-a×ab-ab×-a-b=0

Hence, the given lines are concurrent.

Page No 23.83:

Question 2:

For what value of λ are the three lines 2x − 5y + 3 = 0, 5x − 9y + λ = 0 and x − 2y + 1 = 0 concurrent?

Answer:

Given:
2x − 5y + 3 = 0          ... (1)

5x − 9y + λ = 0          ... (2)

x − 2y + 1 = 0            ... (3)

It is given that the three lines are concurrent.

 2-535-9λ1-21=02-9+2λ+55-λ+3-10+9=0-18+4λ+25-5λ-3=0λ=4

Page No 23.83:

Question 3:

Find the conditions that the straight lines y = m1 x + c1, y = m2 x + c2 and y = m3 x + c3 may meet in a point.

Answer:

The given lines can be written as follows:

m1x-y+c1=0           ... (1)

m2x-y+c2=0           ... (2)

m3x-y+c3=0           ... (3)

It is given that the three lines are concurrent.

 m1-1c1m2-1c2m3-1c3=0m1-c3+c2+1m2c3-m3c2+c1-m2+m3=0m1c2-c3+m2c3-c1+m3c1-c2=0

Hence, the required condition is m1c2-c3+m2c3-c1+m3c1-c2=0.

Page No 23.83:

Question 4:

If the lines p1 x + q1 y = 1, p2 x + q2 y = 1 and p3 x + q3 y = 1 be concurrent, show that the points (p1, q1), (p2, q2) and (p3, q3) are collinear.

Answer:

The given lines can be written as follows:

p1 x + q1 y - 1 = 0           ... (1)

p2 x + q2 y - 1 = 0           ... (2)

p3 x + q3 y - 1 = 0           ... (3)

It is given that the three lines are concurrent.

 p1q1-1p2q2-1p3q3-1=0-p1q11p2q21p3q31=0p1q11p2q21p3q31=0


This is the condition for the collinearity of the three points, (p1, q1), (p2, q2) and (p3, q3).

Page No 23.83:

Question 5:

Show that the straight lines L1 = (b + c) x + ay + 1 = 0, L2 = (c + a) x + by + 1 = 0 and L3 = (a + b) x + cy + 1 = 0 are concurrent.

Answer:

The given lines can be written as follows:

(b + c) x + ay + 1 = 0           ... (1)

(c + a) x + by + 1 = 0           ... (2)

(a + b) x + cy + 1 = 0           ... (3)

Consider the following determinant.

b+ca1c+ab1a+bc1

Applying the transformation C1C1+C2 ,

b+ca1c+ab1a+bc1=a+b+ca1c+a+bb1a+b+cc1

b+ca1c+ab1a+bc1 = a+b+c1a11b11c1
                   
b+ca1c+ab1a+bc1 =0

Hence, the given lines are concurrent.

Page No 23.83:

Question 6:

If the three lines ax + a2y + 1 = 0, bx + b2y + 1 = 0 and cx + c2y + 1 = 0 are concurrent, show that at least two of three constants a, b, c are equal.

Answer:

The given lines can be written as follows:

ax + a2y + 1 = 0           ... (1)

bx + b2y + 1 = 0           ... (2)

cx + c2y + 1 = 0           ... (3)

The given lines are concurrent.

 aa21bb21cc21=0

Applying the transformation R1R1-R2 and R2R2-R3:

a-ba2-b20b-cb2-c20cc21=0a-bb-c1a+b01b+c0cc21=0a-bb-cc-a=0

a-b=0 or b-c=0 or c-a=0a=b or b=c or c=a

Therefore, atleast two of the constants a,b,c are equal .

Page No 23.83:

Question 7:

If a, b, c are in A.P., prove that the straight lines ax + 2y + 1 = 0, bx + 3y + 1 = 0 and cx + 4y + 1 = 0 are concurrent.

Answer:

The given lines can be written as follows:

ax + 2y + 1 = 0           ... (1)

bx + 3y + 1 = 0           ... (2)

cx + 4y + 1 = 0           ... (3)

Consider the following determinant.
a21b31c41

Applying the transformation R1R1-R2 and R2R2-R3,

a21b31c41=a-b-10b-c-10c41

a21b31c41=-a+b+b-c=2b-a-c

Given:
2b = a + c

a21b31c41=a+c-a-c=0

Hence, the given lines are concurrent, provided 2b = a + c.

Page No 23.83:

Question 8:

Show that the perpendicular bisectors of the sides of a triangle are concurrent.

Answer:

Let ABC be a triangle with vertices A x1, y1, B x2, y2 and C x3, y3.

Let D, E and F be the midpoints of the sides BC, CA and AB, respectively.

Thus, the coordinates of D, E and F are D x2+x32, y2+y32, E x1+x32, y1+y32 and F x1+x22, y1+y22.

Let mD, mE and mF be the slopes of AD, BE and CF respectively.

Slope of BC × mD = -1

y3-y2x3-x2×mD=-1mD=-x3-x2y3-y2

Thus, the equation of AD
y-y2+y32=-x3-x2y3-y2x-x2+x32

y-y2+y32=-x3-x2y3-y2x-x2+x322yy3-y2-y32-y22=-2xx3-x2+x32-x22

2xx3-x2+2yy3-y2-x32-x22-y32-y22=0            ... (1)

Similarly, the respective equations of BE and CF are

2xx1-x3+2yy1-y3-x12-x32-y12-y32=0                ... (2)

2xx2-x1+2yy2-y1-x22-x12-y22-y12=0                ... (3)

Let L1, L2 and L3 represent the lines (1), (2) and (3), respectively.
Adding all the three lines,

We observe:
1·L1+1·L2 +1·L3=0

Hence, the perpendicular bisectors of the sides of a triangle are concurrent.



Page No 23.92:

Question 1:

Find the equation of a line passing through the point (2, 3) and parallel to the line 3x − 4y + 5 = 0.

Answer:

The equation of the line parallel to 3x − 4y + 5 = 0 is 3x-4y+λ=0, where λ is a constant.

It passes through (2, 3).

6-12+λ=0λ=6

Hence, the required line is 3x − 4y + 6 = 0.

Page No 23.92:

Question 2:

Find the equation of a line passing through (3, −2) and perpendicular to the line x − 3y + 5 = 0.

Answer:

The equation of the line perpendicular to x − 3y + 5 = 0 is 3x+y+λ=0, where λ is a constant.

It passes through (3, −2).

9-2+λ=0λ=-7

Substituting λ = −7 in 3x+y+λ=0, we get 3x+y-7=0, which is the required line.

Page No 23.92:

Question 3:

Find the equation of the perpendicular bisector of the line joining the points (1, 3) and (3, 1).

Answer:

Let A (1, 3) and B (3, 1) be the given points.

Let C be the midpoint of AB.

Coordinates of C=1+32, 3+12                                   =2, 2

Slope of AB=1-33-1=-1 Slope of the perpendicular bisector of AB=1

Thus, the equation of the perpendicular bisector of AB is

y-2=1x-2x-y=0
or, y=x

Page No 23.92:

Question 4:

Find the equations of the altitudes of a ∆ ABC whose vertices are A (1, 4), B (−3, 2) and C (−5, −3).

Answer:

The vertices of ∆ABC are A (1, 4), B (−3, 2) and C (−5, −3).


Slope of AB2-4-3-1=12

Slope of BC-3-2-5+3=52

Slope of CA4+31+5=76

Thus, we have:

Slope of CF-2

Slope of AD-25

Slope of BE-67

Hence,

Equation of CF is :y+3=-2x+52x+y+13=0Equation of AD is : y-4=-25x-1 2x+5y-22=0Equation of BE is : y-2=-67x+36x+7y+4=0

Page No 23.92:

Question 5:

Find the equation of a line which is perpendicular to the line 3x-y+5=0 and which cuts off an intercept of 4 units with the negative direction of y-axis.

Answer:

The line perpendicular to 3x-y+5=0 is x+3y+λ=0.

It is given that the line x+3y+λ=0 cuts off an intercept of 4 units with the negative direction of the y-axis.
This means that the line passes through 0,-4.

 0-3×4+λ=0λ=43

Substituting the value of λ, we get x+3y+43=0, which is the equation of the required line.

Page No 23.92:

Question 6:

If the image of the point (2, 1) with respect to a line mirror is (5, 2), find the equation of the mirror.

Answer:

Let the image of A (2, 1) be B (5, 2). Also, let M be the midpoint of AB.

Coordinates of M =2+52, 1+22                                     =72, 32


Let CD be the mirror.
Line AB is perpendicular to the mirror CD.

Slope of AB × Slope of CD = −1

2-15-2×Slope of CD=-1Slope of CD=-3

Equation of the mirror CD:

y-32=-3x-722y-3=-6x+216x+2y-24=03x+y-12=0

Page No 23.92:

Question 7:

Find the equation of the straight line through the point (α, β) and perpendicular to the line lx + my + n = 0.

Answer:

The line perpendicular to lx + my + n = 0 is mx-ly+λ=0

This line passes through (α, β).

 mα-lβ+λ=0λ=lβ-mα

Substituting the value of λ:

mx-ly+lβ-mα=0mx-α=ly-β

This is equation of the required line.



Page No 23.93:

Question 8:

Find the equation of the straight line perpendicular to 2x − 3y = 5 and cutting off an intercept 1 on the positive direction of the x-axis.

Answer:

The line perpendicular to 2x − 3y = 5 is 3x+2y+λ=0

It is given that the line 3x+2y+λ=0 cuts off an intercept of 1 on the positive direction of the x-axis.
This means that the line 3x+2y+λ=0 passes through the point (1, 0).

 3+0+λ=0λ=-3

Substituting the value of λ, we get 3x+2y-3=0, which is equation of the required line.

Page No 23.93:

Question 9:

Find the equation of the straight line perpendicular to 5x − 2y = 8 and which passes through the mid-point of the line segment joining (2, 3) and (4, 5).

Answer:

The line perpendicular to 5x − 2y = 8 is 2x+5y+λ=0

 Coordinates of the mid points of 2,3 and 4,5=2+42, 3+52                                                                                  

                                                        = (3,4)

 6+20+λ=0λ=-26

Substituting the value of λ, we get 2x+5y-26=0, which is equation of the required line.

Page No 23.93:

Question 10:

Find the equation of the straight line which has y-intercept equal to 43 and is perpendicular to 3x − 4y + 11 = 0.

Answer:

The line perpendicular to 3x − 4y + 11 = 0 is 4x+3y+λ=0

It is given that the line 4x+3y+λ=0 has y-intercept equal to 43
This means that the line passes through 0, 43

 0+4+λ=0λ=-4

Substituting the value of λ, we get 4x+3y-4=0, which is equation of the required line.

Page No 23.93:

Question 11:

Find the equation of the right bisector of the line segment joining the points (a, b) and (a1, b1).

Answer:

Let A (a, b) and B (a1, b1) be the given points. Let C be the midpoint of AB.

Coordinates of C=a+a12, b+b12
And, slope of AB = b1-ba1-a

So, the slope of the right bisector of AB is -a1-ab1-b

Thus, the equation of the right bisector of the line segment joining the points (a, b) and (a1, b1) is

y-b+b12=-a1-ab1-bx-a+a122a1-ax+2yb1-b+a2+b2-a12+b12=0 This is equation of the required line .

Page No 23.93:

Question 12:

Find the image of the point (2, 1) with respect to the line mirror x + y − 5 = 0.

Answer:

Let the image of A (2, 1) be B (a, b). Let M be the midpoint of AB.

 Coordinates of M are2+a2, 1+b2



The point M lies on the line x + y − 5 = 0

 2+a2+1+b2-5=0

a+b=7        ... (1)

Now, the lines x + y − 5 = 0 and AB are perpendicular.

∴ Slope of AB × Slope of CD = −1

b-1a-2×-1=-1a-2=b-1
a-b=1            ... (2)

Adding eq (1) and eq (2):
2a=8a=4

Now, from equation (1):
4+b=7b=3

Hence, the image of the point (2, 1) with respect to the line mirror x + y − 5 = 0 is (4, 3).

Page No 23.93:

Question 13:

If the image of the point (2, 1) with respect to the line mirror be (5, 2), find the equation of the mirror.

Answer:

Let the image of A (2, 1) be B (5, 2). Let M be the midpoint of AB.

Coordinates of M=2+52, 1+22                                   =72, 32



Let CD be the mirror.
The line AB is perpendicular to the mirror CD.

Slope of AB × Slope of CD = −1

2-15-2×Slope of CD=-1Slope of CD=-3

Thus, the equation of the mirror CD is

y-32=-3x-722y-3=-6x+216x+2y-24=03x+y-12=0

Page No 23.93:

Question 14:

Find the equation to the straight line parallel to 3x − 4y + 6 = 0 and passing through the middle point of the join of points (2, 3) and (4, −1).

Answer:

Let the given points be A (2, 3) and B (4, −1). Let M be the midpoint of AB.

Coordinates of M=2+42, 3-1 2                                     =3, 1

The equation of the line parallel to 3x − 4y + 6 = 0 is 3x-4y+λ=0

This line passes through M (3,1).

9-4+λ=0λ=-5

Substituting the value of λ in 3x-4y+λ=0, we get 3x-4y-5=0, which is the equation of the required line.

Page No 23.93:

Question 15:

Prove that the lines 2x − 3y + 1 = 0, x + y = 3, 2x − 3y = 2  and x + y = 4 form a parallelogram.

Answer:

The given lines can be written as

y=23x+13            ... (1)

y=-x+3               ... (2)

y=23x-23            ... (3)
 
y=-x+4               ... (4)

The slope of lines (1) and (3) is 23 and that of lines (2) and (4) is −1.

Thus, lines (1) and (3), and (2) and (4) are two pair of parallel lines.

If both pair of opposite sides are parallel then ,we can say that it is a parallelogram.

Hence, the given lines form a parallelogram.

Page No 23.93:

Question 16:

Find the equation of a line drawn perpendicular to the line x4+y6=1 through the point where it meets the y-axis.

Answer:

Let us find the intersection of the line x4+y6=1 with y-axis.

At x = 0,
0+y6=1y=6

Thus, the given line intersects y-axis at (0, 6).

The line perpendicular to the line x4+y6=1 is

x6-y4+λ=0

This line passes through (0, 6).

0-64+λ=0λ=32

Now, substituting the value of λ, we get:
x6-y4+32=02x-3y+18=0

This is the equation of the required line.

Page No 23.93:

Question 17:

The perpendicular from the origin to the line y = mx + c meets it at the point (−1, 2). Find the values of m and c.

Answer:

The given line is y = mx + c which can be written as

mx-y+c=0              ... (1)

The slope of the line perpendicular to y = mx + c is -1m

So, the equation of the line with slope -1m and passing through the origin is

y=-1mx

x+my=0                  ... (2)

Solving eq (1) and eq (2) by cross multiplication, we get

xmc-0=y0-c=1-1-m2x=-mcm2+1, y=cm2+1

Thus, the point of intersection of the perpendicular from the origin to the line y = mx + c is -mcm2+1, cm2+1

It is given that the perpendicular from the origin to the line y = mx + c meets it at the point (-1,2)

-mcm2+1=-1 and cm2+1=2m2+1=mc and m2+1=c2mc=c2m=12

Now, substituting the value of m in m2+1=mc, we get

14+1=12cc=52

Hence, m=12 and c=52.

Page No 23.93:

Question 18:

Find the equation of the right bisector of the line segment joining the points (3, 4) and (−1, 2).

Answer:

Let A (3, 4) and B (−1, 2) be the given points.

Let C be the midpoint of AB.

C3-12, 4+221, 3

Slope of AB=2-4-1-3=12 Slope of the perpendicular bisector of AB=-2

Thus, the equation of the perpendicular bisector of AB is

y-3=-2x-12x+y-5=0

Hence, the required line is 2x+y-5=0.

Page No 23.93:

Question 19:

The line through (h, 3) and (4, 1) intersects the line 7x − 9y − 19 = 0 at right angle. Find the value of h.

Answer:

Let A (h,3) and B (4,1) be the given points.

The line 7x − 9y − 19 = 0 can be written as

y=79x-199

So, the slope of this line is 79

It is given that the line joining the points A (h,3) and B (4,1) is perpendicular to the line 7x − 9y − 19 = 0.

79×1-34-h=-19h-36=-149h=22h=229

Hence, the value of h is 229.

Page No 23.93:

Question 20:

Find the image of the point (3, 8) with respect to the line x + 3y = 7 assuming the line to be a plane mirror.

Answer:

Let the image of A (3,8) be B (a,b). Also, let M be the midpoint of AB.

Coordinates of M=3+a2, 8+b2



Point M lies on the line x + 3y = 7

3+a2+3×8+b2=7

a+3b+13=0                          ... (1)

Lines CD and AB are perpendicular.

∴ Slope of AB × Slope of CD = −1

b-8a-3×-13=-1b-8=3a-9

3a-b-1=0                           ... (2)

Solving (1) and (2) by cross multiplication, we get:

a-3+13=b39+1=1-1-9a=-1, b=-4

Hence, the image of the point (3, 8) with respect to the line mirror x + 3y = 7 is (−1, −4).

Page No 23.93:

Question 21:

Find the coordinates of the foot of the perpendicular from the point (−1, 3) to the line 3x − 4y − 16 = 0.

Answer:

Let  A (−1, 3) be the given point.
Also, let M (h, k) be the foot of the perpendicular drawn from A (−1, 3) to the line 3x − 4y − 16 = 0



Point M (h, k) lies on the line 3x − 4y − 16 = 0

3h − 4k − 16 = 0                      ... (1)

Lines 3x − 4y − 16 = 0 and AM are perpendicular.

k-3h+1×34=-1

4h+3k-5=0                           ... (2)

Solving eq (1) and eq (2) by cross multiplication, we get:

h20+48=k-64+15=19+16a=6825, b=-4925

Hence, the coordinates of the foot of perpendicular are 6825, -4925.

Page No 23.93:

Question 22:

Find the projection of the point (1, 0) on the line joining the points (−1, 2) and (5, 4).

Answer:

Let  A (−1, 2) be the given point whose projection is to be evaluated and C (−1, 2) and D (5, 4) be the other two points.

Also, let M (h, k) be the foot of the perpendicular drawn from A (−1, 2) to the line joining the points C (−1, 2) and D (5, 4).



Clearly, the slope of CD and MD are equal.

4-k5-h=4-25+1

h-3k+7=0                            ... (1)

The lines segments AM and CD are perpendicular.

k-0h-1×4-25+1=-1

3h+k-3=0                           ... (2)

Solving (1) and (2) by cross multiplication, we get:

h9-7=k21+3=11+9h=15, k=125

Hence, the projection of the point (1, 0) on the line joining the points (−1, 2) and (5, 4) is 15, 125.

Page No 23.93:

Question 23:

Find the equation of a line perpendicular to the line 3x-y+5=0 and at a distance of 3 units from the origin.

Answer:

The line perpendicular to 3x-y+5=0 is x+3y+λ=0

It is given that the line x+3y+λ=0 is at a distance of 3 units from the origin.

 λ1+3=3λ=±6

Substituting the value of λ, we get x+3y±6=0, which is  equation of the required line.

Page No 23.93:

Question 24:

The line 2x + 3y = 12 meets the x-axis at A and y-axis at B. The line through (5, 5) perpendicular to AB meets the x-axis and the line AB at C and E respectively. If O is the origin of coordinates, find the area of figure OCEB.

Answer:

The given line is 2x + 3y = 12, which can be written as

x6+y4=1              ... (1)

So, the coordinates of the points A and B are (6, 0) and (0, 4), respectively.



The equation of the line perpendicular to line (1) is

x4-y6+λ=0

This line passes through the point (5, 5).

54-56+λ=0λ=-512

Now, substituting the value of λ in x4-y6+λ=0, we get:
x4-y6-512=0x53-y52=1            ...(2)

        
Thus, the coordinates of intersection of line (1) with the x-axis is C 53,0.

To find the coordinates of E, let us write down equations (1) and (2) in the following manner:

2x+3y-12=0        ... (3)

3x-2y-5=0          ... (4)

Solving (3) and (4) by cross multiplication, we get:

x-15-24=y-36+10=1-4-9x=3, y=2

Thus, the coordinates of E are (3, 2).

From the figure,

EC=53-32+0-22=2133



EA=6-32+0-22=13

Now,

Area OCEB=Area OAB-Area CAEArea OCEB=12×6×4-12×2133×13                             =233 sq units

Page No 23.93:

Question 25:

Find the equation of the straight line which cuts off intercepts on x-axis twice that on y-axis and is at a unit distance from the origin.

Answer:

Let the intercepts on x-axis and y-axis be 2a and a, respectively.

So, the equation of the line with intercepts 2a on x-axis and a on y-axis be

x2a+ya=1

x+2y=2a          ... (1)

Let us change equation (1) into normal form.

x1+22+2y1+22=2a1+22x5+2y5=2a5

Thus, the length of the perpendicular from the origin to the line (1) is

p=2a5

Given:
p = 1

2a5=1a=±52

Required equation of the line:

x+2y=±252x+2y±5=0

Page No 23.93:

Question 26:

The equations of perpendicular bisectors of the sides AB and AC of a triangle ABC are xy + 5 = 0 and x + 2y = 0 respectively. If the point A is (1, −2), find the equation of the line BC.

Answer:


Let the perpendicular bisectors xy + 5 = 0 and x + 2y = 0 of the sides AB and AC intersect at D and E, respectively.

Let x1,y1 and x2,y2 be the coordinates of points B and C.

Coordinates of D=x1+12, y1-22 and coordinates of E=x2+12, y2-22

Point D lies on the line xy + 5 = 0

x1+12-y1-22+5=0

x1-y1+13=0            ... (1)

Point E lies on the line x + 2y = 0

x2+12+2×y2-22=0

x2+2y2-3=0            ... (2)

Side AB is perpendicular to the line xy + 5 = 0

 1×y1+2x1-1=-1

x1+y1+1=0             ... (3)

Similarly, side AC is perpendicular to the line x + 2y = 0

 -12×y2+2x2-1=-1

2x2-y2-4=0            ... (4)

Now, solving eq (1) and eq (3) by cross multiplication, we get:

x1-1-13=y113-1=11+1x1=-7, y1=6

Thus, the coordinates of B are -7,6.

Similarly, solving (2) and (4) by cross multiplication, we get:

x2-8-3=y2-6+4=1-1-4x2=115, y2=25

Thus, coordinates of C are 115,25.

Therefore, equation of line BC is

y-6=25-6115+7x+7y-6=-2846x+714x+23y-40=0



Page No 23.99:

Question 1:

Find the angles between each of the following pairs of straight lines:
(i) 3x + y + 12 = 0 and x + 2y − 1 = 0
(ii) 3xy + 5 = 0 and x − 3y + 1 = 0
(iii) 3x + 4y − 7 = 0 and 4x − 3y + 5 = 0
(iv) x − 4y = 3 and 6xy = 11
(v) (m2mn) y = (mn + n2) x + n3 and (mn + m2) y = (mnn2) x + m3.

Answer:

(i) The equations of the lines are

3x + y + 12 = 0           ... (1)

x + 2y − 1 = 0             ... (2)

Let m1 and m2 be the slopes of these lines.

m1=-3, m2=-12

Let θ be the angle between the lines.
Then,

tanθ=m1-m21+m1m2        =-3+121+32        =1θ=π4or 45°

Hence, the acute angle between the lines is 45°

(ii) The equations of the lines are

3xy + 5 = 0          ... (1)

x − 3y + 1 = 0          ... (2)

Let m1 and m2 be the slopes of these lines.

m1=3, m2=13

Let  θ be the angle between the lines.
Then,

tanθ=m1-m21+m1m2        =3-131+1        =43θ=tan-143

Hence, the acute angle between the lines is tan-143.

(iii) The equations of the lines are

3x + 4y − 7 = 0          ... (1)

4x − 3y + 5 = 0          ... (2)

Let m1 and m2 be the slopes of these lines.

m1=-34, m2=43

m1m2=-34×43               =-1

Hence, the given lines are perpendicular.
Therefore, the angle between them is 90°.

(iv) The equations of the lines are

x − 4y = 3          ... (1)

6xy = 11        ... (2)

Let m1 and m2 be the slopes of these lines.

m1=14, m2=6

Let θ be the angle between the lines.
Then,

tan θ=m1-m21+m1m2         =14-61+32         =2310θ=tan-12310

Hence, the acute angle between the lines is tan-12310

(v)  The equations of the lines are

(m2mn) y = (mn + n2) x + n3          ... (1)

(mn + m2) y = (mnn2) x + m3         ... (2)

Let m1 and m2 be the slopes of these lines.

m1=mn+n2m2-mn, m2=mn-n2mn+m2

Let θ be the angle between the lines.

Then,

tan θ=m1-m21+m1m2        =mn+n2m2-mn-mn-n2mn+m21+mn+n2m2-mn×mn-n2mn+m2tan θ=mn+n2mn+m2-mn-n2m2-mnm2-mnmn+m2+mn+n2mn-n2tan θ=m2n2+m3n+mn3+m2n2-m3n+m2n2+m2n2-mn3m3n+m4-m2n2-m3n+m2n2-mn3+mn3-n4

tanθ=4m2n2m4-n4

Hence, the acute angle between the lines is tan-14m2n2m4-n4.

Page No 23.99:

Question 2:

Find the acute angle between the lines 2xy + 3 = 0 and x + y + 2 = 0.

Answer:

The equations of the lines are

2xy + 3 = 0           ... (1)

x + y + 2 = 0             ... (2)

Let m1 and m2 be the slopes of these lines.

m1=2, m2=-1

Let θ be the angle between the lines.
Then,

tan θ=m1-m21+m1m2         =2+11-2         =3θ=tan-13

Hence, the acute angle between the lines is tan-13.

Page No 23.99:

Question 3:

Prove that the points (2, −1), (0, 2), (2, 3) and (4, 0) are the coordinates of the vertices of a parallelogram and find the angle between its diagonals.

Answer:

Let A(2, −1), B(0, 2), C(2, 3) and D(4, 0) be the vertices.

Slope of AB = 2+10-2=-32

Slope of BC = 3-22-0=12

Slope of CD = 0-34-2=-32

Slope of DA = -1-02-4=12

Thus, AB is parallel to CD and BC is parallel to DA.

Therefore, the given points are the vertices of a parallelogram.



Now, let us find the angle between the diagonals AC and BD.

Let m1 and m2 be the slopes of AC and BD, respectively.

 m1=3+12-2=m2=0-24-0=-12

Thus, the diagonal AC is parallel to the y-axis.

ODB=tan-112

In triangle MND,

DMN=π2-tan-112

Hence, the acute angle between the diagonal is π2-tan-112

Page No 23.99:

Question 4:

Find the angle between the line joining the points (2, 0), (0, 3) and the line x + y = 1.

Answer:

Let A (2, 0), B (0, 3) be the given points.

Slope of AB = m1
                    = 3-00-2
                    =-32

Slope of the line x + y = 1 is -1

 m2=-1

Let θ be the angle between the line joining the points (2, 0), (0, 3) and the line x + y = 1

 tan θ=m1-m21+m1m2              =-32+11+32              =15θ=tan-115

Hence, the acute angle between the line joining the points (2, 0), (0, 3) and the line x + y = 1 is tan-115

Page No 23.99:

Question 5:

If θ is the angle which the straight line joining the points (x1, y1) and (x2, y2) subtends at the origin, prove that
tan θ=x2y1-x1y2x1x2+y1y2and cos θ=x1x2+y1y2x12+y12x22+y22

Answer:

Let A (x1, y1) and B (x2, y2) be the given points.
Let O be the origin.



Slope of OA = m1 = y1x1

Slope of OB = m2 = y2x2

It is given that θ is the angle between lines OA and OB.

 tan θ=m1-m21+m1m2             =y1x1-y2x21+y1x1×y2x2 tan θ=x2y1-x1y2x1x2+y1y2


Now,

As we know that cos θ=11+tan2 θ

cos θ=x1x2+y1y2x2y1-x1y22+x1x2+y1y22

cos θ=x1x2+y1y2x22y12+x12y22+x12x22+y12y22

cos θ=x1x2+y1y2x12+y12 x22+y22

Page No 23.99:

Question 6:

Prove that the straight lines (a + b) x + (ab ) y = 2ab, (ab) x + (a + b) y = 2ab and x + y = 0 form an isosceles triangle whose vertical angle is 2 tan−1ab.

Answer:

The given lines are

(a + b) x + (ab ) y = 2ab      ... (1)

(ab) x + (a + b) y = 2ab       ... (2)

x + y = 0                                    ... (3)

Let m1, m2 and m3 be the slopes of the lines (1), (2) and (3), respectively.

Now,

Slope of the first line = m1 = -a+ba-b

Slope of the second line = m2 = -a-ba+b

Slope of the third line = m3 = -1

Let θ1 be the angle between lines (1) and (2), θ2 be the angle between lines (2) and (3) and θ3 be the angle between lines (1) and (3).

tan θ1=m1-m21+m1m2              =-a+ba-b+a-ba+b1+a+ba-b×a-ba+btan θ1=2aba2-b2θ1=tan-12aba2-b2         =2 tan-1ab

tan θ2=m2-m31+m2m3               =-a-ba+b+11+a-ba+btan θ2=baθ2=tan-1ba



tan θ3=m1-m31+m1m3              =-a+ba-b+11+a+ba-btan θ3=baθ3=tan-1ba

Here,
θ2=θ3 and θ=2 tan-1ab

Hence, the given lines form an isosceles triangle whose vertical angle is 2tan-1ab.

Page No 23.99:

Question 7:

Find the angle between the lines x = a and by + c = 0.

Answer:

The given lines can be written as

x = a           ... (1)

y=-cb       ... (2)

Lines (1) and (2) are parallel to the y-axis and x-axis, respectively. Thus, they intersect at right angle, i.e. at 90°.

Page No 23.99:

Question 8:

Find the tangent of the angle between the lines which have intercepts 3, 4 and 1, 8 on the axes respectively.

Answer:

The respective equations of the lines having intercepts 3, 4 and 1, 8 on the axes are

x3+y4=1          ... (1)

x1+y8=1          ... (2)

Let m1 and m2 be the slope of the lines (1) and (2), respectively.

m1=-43, m2=-8

Let θ be the angle between the lines (1) and (2).

tan θ=m1-m21+m1m2             =-43+81+323tan θ=47

Hence, the tangent of the angles between the lines is 47.

Page No 23.99:

Question 9:

Show that the line a2x + ay + 1 = 0 is perpendicular to the line xay = 1 for all non-zero real values of a.

Answer:

The given lines are

a2x + ay + 1 = 0         ... (1)

xay = 1                   ... (2)

Let m1 and m2 be the slopes of the lines (1) and (2).

m1m2=-a2a×1a          =-1

Hence, line a2x + ay + 1 = 0 is perpendicular to the line xay = 1 for all non-zero real values of a.

Page No 23.99:

Question 10:

Show that the tangent of an angle between the lines xa+yb=1 and xa-yb=1 is 2aba2-b2

Answer:

We have
xa+yb=1 and xa-yb=1yb=-xa+1 and yb=xa-1y=-bax+b and y=ba-b
The slopes of the two lines are -ba and ba
Now, the tangent of an angle between the lines is given by
ba+ba1-ba×ba=2baa2-b2a2=2aba2-b2



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