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Page No 45:

Question 1:

Choose the correct answer from the given four options:
In an AP, if d = –4, n = 7, an = 4, then a is
(A) 6
(B) 7
(C) 20
(D) 28

Answer:

We know that
an=a+n-1d

Given that,
 d = –4, n = 7, an = 4
4=a+7-1×-44=a-24a=28

Hence, the correct answer is option (D).

Page No 45:

Question 2:

Choose the correct answer from the given four options:
In an AP, if a = 3.5, d = 0, n = 101, then an will be
(A) 0
(B) 3.5
(C) 103.5
(D) 104.5

Answer:

We know that
an=a+n-1d
Given that,
 a = 3.5, = 0, = 101
an=3.5+101-1×0an=3.5+0an=3.5

Hence, the correct answer is option (B).

Page No 45:

Question 3:

Choose the correct answer from the given four options:
The list of numbers – 10, – 6, – 2, 2,... is
(A) an AP with d = – 16
(B) an AP with d = 4
(C) an AP with d = – 4
(D) not an AP

Answer:

Given list of numbers – 10, – 6, – 2, 2,...
Let a1=-10, a2=-6, a3=-2, a4=2,.....
We have
 a2-a1=-6--10=-6+10=4a3-a2=-2--6=-2+6=4a4-a3=2--2=2+2=4
common difference d=a2-a1=a3-a2=a4-a3=4 is same
It is an AP with common difference 4.
Hence, the correct answer is option (B).

Page No 45:

Question 4:

Choose the correct answer from the given four options:
The 11th term of the AP: -5, -52, 0, 52, ...is
(A) –20
(B) 20
(C) –30
(D) 30

Answer:

nth term of an AP is given by
an=a+n-1d
Given AP:  -5, -52, 0, 52, ...
where a=-5, d=-52--5=-52+5=52 and n=11
a11=-5+11-1×52a11=-5+25a11=20
Hence, the correct answer is option (B).

Page No 45:

Question 5:

Choose the correct answer from the given four options:
The first four terms of an AP, whose first term is –2 and the common difference is –2, are
(A) –2, 0, 2, 4
(B) –2, 4, –8, 16
(C) –2, –4, –6, –8
(D) –2, –4, – 8, –16

Answer:

We know that
an=a+n-1d
where a = first term
d = common difference
n = no. of terms
an = nth term
Terms of an AP are given by a, a+d, a+2d, a+3d,......
Given a=-2 and d=-2
First term a=-2
Second term a2=a+d=-2-2=-4              
Third term a3=a+2d=-2+2-2=-2-4=-6
Fourth term a4=a+3d=-2+3-2=-2-6=-8
Four terms of an AP with given a and d are -2, -4, -6, -8.
Hence, the correct answer is option (C).



Page No 46:

Question 6:

Choose the correct answer from the given four options:
The 21st term of the AP whose first two terms are –3 and 4 is
(A) 17
(B) 137
(C) 143
(D) –143

Answer:

Given that, a1=-3 and a2=4
∴ common difference d=a2-a1=4--3=7

Now,
nth term of an AP is given by an=a+n-1d
∴ 21st term of an AP is:
 a21=-3+21-1×7a21=-3+140=137
⟹ 21st term of an AP is 137.

Hence, the correct answer is option (B).

Page No 46:

Question 7:

Choose the correct answer from the given four options:
If the 2nd term of an AP is 13 and the 5th term is 25, what is its 7th term?
(A) 30
(B) 33
(C) 37
(D) 38

Answer:

The nth term of an AP is given by: 
an=a+n-1d

Given that,
 a2=13a+2-1d=13a+d=13                             .. ...1
and     
a5=25a+5-1d=25a+4d=25                        .....2

Subtracting (1) from (2),
3d=12d=4

From (1),
a=13-4a=9

Now, the 7th term of an AP is given by:
a7=9+7-14a7=33
∴ 7th term of an AP is 33.

Hence, the correct answer is option (B).

Page No 46:

Question 8:

Choose the correct answer from the given four options:
Which term of the AP: 21, 42, 63, 84,... is 210?
(A) 9th
(B) 10th
(C) 11th
(D) 12th

Answer:

Given AP: 21, 42, 63, 84, ......,210
where first term a = 21
 common difference d=42-21=21
nth term an = 210
Now, to find n
we know that an=a+n-1d
210=21+n-1×21210-21=n-1×21189=n-1×219=n-1n=10
210 is the 10th term of the given AP.
Hence, the correct answer is option (B).

Page No 46:

Question 9:

Choose the correct answer from the given four options:
If the common difference of an AP is 5, then what is a18a13?
(A) 5
(B) 20
(C) 25
(D) 30

Answer:

The nth term of an AP is given by  an=a+n-1d

Now,
 a18=a+18-1da18=a+17d                     .....1
and
 a13=a+13-1da13=a+12d                       ...2

Subtracting (2) from (1),
a18a13=5d=5×5            d=5 is given=25

Hence, the correct answer is option (C).

Page No 46:

Question 10:

Choose the correct answer from the given four options:
What is the common difference of an AP in which a18a14 = 32?
(A) 8
(B) –8
(C) –4
(D) 4

Answer:

The nth term of an AP is given by  an=a+n-1d.

Now,
 a18=a+18-1da18=a+17d  
and
 a14=a+14-1da14=a+13d  

Given that,
a18 – a14 = 32
a+17d-a+13d=32a+17d-a-13d=324d=32d=8
∴ common difference of an AP is 8.

Hence, the correct answer is option (A).

Page No 46:

Question 11:

Choose the correct answer from the given four options:
Two APs have the same common difference. The first term of one of these is –1 and that of the other is –8. Then the difference between their 4th terms is
(A) –1
(B) –8
(C) 7
(D) –9

Answer:

General terms of an AP are a, a+d, a+2d, a+3d,......
1st AP with first term -1 and common difference d  is -1, -1+d, -1+2d,....
2nd AP with first term -8 and common difference d  is -8, -8+d, -8+2d,....
Now, the nth term of an AP is given by an=a+n-1d

The 4th term of first AP is:
 a4=-1+3-1da4=-1+3d                       .....1
The 4th term of second AP is: 
A4=-8+4-1dA4=-8+3d               .....2

Subtracting (2) from (1),
 a4-A4=-1+3d--8+3d           =-1+3d+8-3d           =7
∴ Difference between their 4th term is 7.
Hence, the correct answer is option (C).

Page No 46:

Question 12:

Choose the correct answer from the given four options:
If 7 times the 7th term of an AP is equal to 11 times its 11th term, then its 18th term will be
(A) 7
(B) 11
(C) 18
(D) 0

Answer:

The nth term of an AP is given by an=a+n-1d.
Given that,
 7a7=11a117a+7-1d=11a+11-1d7a+6d=11a+10d7a+42d=11a+110d4a+68d=0a+17d=0a+18-1d=0a18=0
Therefore, the 18th term of an AP is 0.

Hence, the correct answer is option (D).

Page No 46:

Question 13:

Choose the correct answer from the given four options:
The 4th term from the end of the AP: –11, –8, –5, ..., 49 is
(A) 37
(B) 40
(C) 43
(D) 58

Answer:

The nth term from the end of an AP =l-n-1d, where
= last term
d = common difference
n = no. of terms

Given AP: –11, –8, –5, ..., 49, where
l=49,d=-8--11=-8+11=3 

The 4th term from the end=49-4-1×3=49-9=40
∴ 4th term from the end of an AP is 40.
Hence, the correct answer is option (B).

Page No 46:

Question 14:

Choose the correct answer from the given four options:
The famous mathematician associated with finding the sum of the first 100 natural numbers is
(A) Pythagoras
(B) Newton
(C) Gauss
(D) Euclid

Answer:

Gauss is the famous mathematician associated with finding the sum of the first 100 natural numbers.
Hence, the correct answer is option (C).

Page No 46:

Question 15:

Choose the correct answer from the given four options:
If the first term of an AP is –5 and the common difference is 2, then the sum of the first 6 terms is
(A) 0
(B) 5
(C) 6
(D) 15

Answer:

Given that, the first term of the AP a=–5 and the common difference d=2.

Now, the sum of n terms of an AP is Sn=n22a+n-1d

So, the sum of first 6 terms is given by
S6=622×-5+6-1×2S6=3-10+10S6=3×0=0
∴ the sum of the first 6 terms is 0.
Hence, the correct answer is option (A).



Page No 47:

Question 16:

Choose the correct answer from the given four options:
The sum of first 16 terms of the AP: 10, 6, 2,... is
(A) –320
(B) 320
(C) –352
(D) –400

Answer:

The sum of n terms of an AP is n22a+n-1d.

Given AP: 10, 6, 2,...
where
a=10,d=6-10=-4

Now, to find sum of first 16 terms
S16=1622×10+16-1×-4S16=820-60S16=8×-40S16=-320

∴ sum of first 16 terms of an AP is -320.
Hence, the correct answer is option (A).

Page No 47:

Question 17:

Choose the correct answer from the given four options:
In an AP if a = 1, an = 20 and Sn = 399, then n is
(A) 19
(B) 21
(C) 38
(D) 42

Answer:

Given that, in an AP a = 1, a= 20 and Sn = 399.
Now,
a+n-1d=201+n-1d=20n-1d=19                     .....1

Also,
n22a+n-1d=399    n2×1+19=399×2          from 121n=798n=38

Hence, the correct answer is option (C).

Page No 47:

Question 18:

Choose the correct answer from the given four options:
The sum of first five multiples of 3 is
(A) 45
(B) 55
(C) 65
(D) 75

Answer:

When first five multiples of 3 are considered,
a = 3
n = 5
d = 3

So,
S5=522×3+5-13               Sn=n22a+n-1d=526+12=52×18=45

Hence, the correct answer is option (A).



Page No 49:

Question 1:

Which of the following form an AP? Justify your answer.
(i) –1, –1, –1, –1, ...
(ii) 0, 2, 0, 2, ...
(iii) 1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3,...
(iv) 11, 22, 33,...
(v) 12, 13, 14, ...
(vi) 2, 22, 23, 24, ...
(vii) 3, 12, 27, 48, ...

Answer:

We know that sequence is an AP when the common difference is same.
(i)  –1, –1, –1, –1, ...
Here,
 –1 – (–1) = 0, 
 –1 – (–1) = 0
∴ common difference is the same. Hence, it is an AP.

(ii) 0, 2, 0, 2, ...
2 – 0 ≠ 0 – 2
∴ common difference is not the same. Hence, it is not an AP.

(iii) 1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3,...
The common difference is not the same. Hence, it is not an AP.

(iv)  11, 22, 33,...
22 – 11 = 11
33 – 22 = 11
∴ common difference is the same. Hence, it is an AP.

(v) 12, 13, 14, ... 
13-12=-1614-13=-112
The common difference is not the same. Hence, it is not an AP.

(vi)  2, 22, 23, 24, ...
22 – 2 = 4 – 2 = 2
23 – 22 = 8 – 4 = 4
The common difference is not the same. Hence, it is not an AP.

(vii) Given sequence: 3, 12, 27, 48, ...
12-3=23-3=327-12=33-23=348-27=43-33=3
The common difference is same. Hence, the given sequence is an AP.

Page No 49:

Question 2:

Justify whether it is true to say that –1, -32, -2, 52, ... forms an AP as a2a1 = a3a2.

Answer:

For a sequence to be an AP, the common difference must be same.
Given sequence: –1, -32, -2, 52, ... 
-32--1=-32+1=-12-2--32=-2+32=-1252--2=52+4=132
Therefore, the common difference is not same i.e, a2 – a1 = a3 – a2 ≠ a4-a3.
Hence, it is not an AP.

Page No 49:

Question 3:

For the AP: –3, –7, –11, ..., can we find directly a30a20 without actually finding a30 and a20? Give reasons for your answer.

Answer:

Yes, we can directly find a30 – a20  without actual finding a30 and a20.
The nth term of an AP is given by an=a+n-1d.

Given AP: –3, –7, –11, ...
where first term a=-3 and common difference d=-7--3=-7+3=-4

Now, a30 – a20 is given as: 
=a+30-1d-a+20-1d=a+29d-a+19d=a+29d-a-19d=10d  =10×-4=-40                               
Hence, a30 – a20 = -40.

Page No 49:

Question 4:

Two APs have the same common difference. The first term of one AP is 2 and that of the other is 7. The difference between their 10th terms is the same as the difference between their 21st terms, which is the same as the difference between any two corresponding terms. Why?

Answer:

General terms of an AP are a, a+d, a+2d, a+3d,.....
where a = first term and d = common difference
1st AP with first term 2 is 2, 2+d, 2+2d,...
2nd AP with first term 7 is 7, 7+d, 7+2d,...
The difference between any two corresponding terms is same because common difference is same between every corresponding term i.e, 5 7-2=7+d-2+d=7+2d-2+2d=5
So, the corresponding difference remain same if we keep the common difference is same for two AP.

Page No 49:

Question 5:

Is 0 a term of the AP: 31, 28, 25, ...? Justify your answer.

Answer:

Given AP: 31, 28, 25, ...
To check 0 is the term of the given AP
We know that an=a+n-1d
where a=31, d=28-31=-3, an=0, n=?
0=31+n-1×-33n-1=313n-3=313n=34n=343
n is not a natural number.
Hence, 0 is not the term of the AP: 31, 28, 25, ...

Page No 49:

Question 6:

The taxi fare after each km, when the fare is Rs 15 for the first km and Rs 8 for each additional km, does not form an AP as the total fare (in Rs) after each km is 15, 8, 8, 8, ...
Is the statement true? Give reasons.

Answer:

The total fare after each km can be given as:
15, (15+8), (15+2×8), (15+3×8), =15,23,31,39,

Now, let
a1=15,a2=23,a3=31,a4=39

So,
 a2-a1=23-15=8a3-a2=31-23=8a4-a3=39-31=8
Since, all the successive terms of the given list have same common difference i.e., 8.
Therefore, the total fare after each km forms an AP.

Page No 49:

Question 7:

In which of the following situations, do the lists of numbers involved form an AP?
Give reasons for your answers.
(i) The fee charged from a student every month by a school for the whole session, when the monthly fee is Rs 400.
(ii) The fee charged every month by a school from Classes I to XII, when the monthly fee for Class I is Rs 250, and it increases by Rs 50 for the next higher class.
(iii) The amount of money in the account of Varun at the end of every year when Rs 1000 is deposited at simple interest of 10% per annum.
(iv) The number of bacteria in a certain food item after each second, when they double in every second.

Answer:

(i) The fee charged from a student every month by a school for the whole session is given as:
400, 400, 400, 400, ….
This forms an AP with common difference (d) = 400 − 400 = 0

(ii) The fee charged every month by a school from classes I to XII is given as:
250, (250 + 50), (250 + 2 × 50), (250 + 3 × 50),  ..…
i.e., 250, 300, 350, 400,…
This forms an AP with common difference (d) = 300 − 250 = 50
d = 350 − 300 = 50

(iii) The amount of money in the account of Varun at the end of every year is given as:
1000, (1000 + 100 × 1), (1000 + 100 × 2), (1000 + 100 × 3), ….
i.e., 1000, 1100, 1200, 1300,….
This forms an AP with common difference (d) = 1100 – 1000 = 100
 
(iv) Let number of bacteria in food items are n.
Now, number of bacteria after every second when they double n, 2n, 4n, 8n, 16n,.....
2n-n=n4n-2n=2n8n-4n=4n
Thus, the common difference is not same. Hence, it does not form an AP.



Page No 50:

Question 8:

Justify whether it is true to say that the following are the nth terms of an AP.
(i) 2n – 3
(ii) 3n2+ 5
(iii) 1 + n + n2

Answer:

(i) Yes, here an = 2– 3
Now, n = 1, a1 = 2 × (1) – 3 = ​–1
n = 2, a2 = 2 × (2) – 3 = ​1,
n = 3, a3 = 2 × (3) – 3 = ​3,
n = 4, a4 = 2 × (4) – 3 = ​5,
Thus, the number series will be ​– 1, 1, 3, 5, ...
Here, a2 – a1 = 1 –  (– 1) = 2
a3 – a2 = 3 – (1) = 2
a4​ – a3 = 3 – (1) = 2
Since, common difference is same. Hence, 2– 3 is the nth terms of an AP.

(ii) No, here an = 3n2 + 5
Now, n = 1, a1 = 3 × (1)2 + 5 = ​8
n = 2, a2 = 3 × (2)2 + 5 = ​17
n = 3, a3 = 3 × (3)2 + 5 = ​32
n = 4, a4 = 3 × (4)2 + 5 = ​53
Thus, the number series will be ​8, 17, 32, 53, ...
Here, a2 – a1 = 17 – 8 = 9
a3 – a2 = 32 – (17) = 15
a4​ – a3 = 53 – (32) = 21
Since, common difference is not same. Hence, 3n2+ 5 is not the nth terms of an AP.

(iii) No, here an = 1 + n2
Now, n = 1, a1 = 1 + 1 + (1)2 = 3
n = 2, a2 = 1 + (2) + (2)2 = 7
n = 3, a3 = 1 + 3 + (3)2 = 13 
n = 4, a4 = 1 + 4 + (4)2 = 21
Thus, the number series will be ​3, 7, 13, 21, ...
Here, a2 – a1 = 7 – (3) = 4
a3 – a2 = 13 – (7) = 6
a4​ – a3 = 21 – (13) = 8
Since, common difference is not same. Hence, 1 + n2 is not the nth terms of an AP.
 



Page No 51:

Question 1:

Match the APs given in column A with suitable common differences given in column B.

Column A Column B
(A1) 2, – 2, – 6, – 10, ... (B1) 23
(A2) a = –18, n = 10, an = 0 (B2) –5
(A3) a = 0, a10 = 6 (B3) 4
(A4) a2 = 13, a4 = 3 (B4) –4
  (B5) 2
  (B6) 12
  (B7) 5

Answer:

(A1) Given AP: 2, – 2, – 6, – 10, ...
 common difference -2-2=-4 i.e, (B4)

(A2) Given a = –18, n = 10, a= 0
Now, an=a+n-1d
0=-18+10-1d18=9dd=2
 common difference is 2 i.e, (B5)

(A3) Given  a = 0, a10 = 6
Now, an=a+n-1d
a10=6a+10-1d=60+9d=6d=23
 common difference is 23 i.e, (B1).

(A4) Now, an=a+n-1d
Given that, a= 13
a+d=13                .....(1)
and a4 = 3
a+3d=3                .....(2)

Subtracting (1) from (2),
2d=-10d=-5
 common difference is -5 i.e, (B2).



Page No 52:

Question 2:

Verify that each of the following is an AP, and then write its next three terms.

(i) 0, 14, 12, 34, ...

(ii) 5, 143, 133, 4, ...

(iii) 3, 23, 33, ...

(iv) a + b, (a + 1) + b, (a + 1) + (b + 1), ...

(v) a, 2a + 1, 3a + 2, 4a + 3,...

Answer:

(i) 0, 14, 12, 34, ...
Here, a = 0 and
d=14-0=14      12-14=14
∴ it is an AP.

Now, the next three terms are:
34+14=11+14=5454+14=64=32

(ii) 5, 143, 133, 4, ...
Here, a = 5 and
d=143-5=-13      133-143=-13
∴ it is an AP.

Now, the next three terms are:
4-13=113113-13=103103-13=93=3

(iii) 3, 23, 33, ...
Here, a = 3 and
d=23-3=3      33-23=3
∴ it is an AP.

Now, the next three terms are:
33+3=4343+3=5353+3=63

(iv) a + b, (a + 1) + b, (a + 1) + (b + 1), ...
Here, a1 = a + b and
d=a+1+b-a+b=1      a+1+b+1-a+1-b=1
∴ it is an AP.

Now, the next three terms are:
a+1+b+1+1=a+2+b+1a+2+b+1+1=a+2+b+2a+2+b+2+1=a+3+b+2

(v) Given sequence a, 2a + 1, 3a + 2, 4+ 3,... is an AP if common difference is same.
2a+1-a=a+13a+2-2a+1=3a+2-2a-1=a+14a+3-3a+2=4a+3-3a-2=a+1
Hence, the given sequence is an AP as the common difference is same i.e, a+1

General terms of an AP are a, a+d, a+2d, a+3d,.....
where a = first term and d = common difference
Next three terms i.e, fifth, sixth and seventh terms are:
a+4a+1, a+5a+1, a+6a+1=5a+4, 6a+5, 7a+6

Page No 52:

Question 3:

Write the first three terms of the APs when a and d are as given below:
(i) a=12, d=-16

(ii) a = –5, d = –3

(iii) a=2, d=12

Answer:

General terms of an AP are a, a+d, a+2d, a+3d,....
where a = first term and d = common difference

(i)Given a=12, d=-16
First three terms of the APs are 12, 12+-16, 12+2-16=12, 13, -56

(ii) Given = –5, d = –3
First three terms of the APs are -5, -5+-3, -5+2-3=-5, -8, -11

(iii) Given a=2, d=12
First three terms of the APs are 2,2+12,2+2×12=2,32,22

Page No 52:

Question 4:

Find a, b and c such that the following numbers are in AP: a, 7, b, 23, c.

Answer:

Given a, 7, b, 23,  are in AP.
∴ common difference will be same. i.e,
7-a=b-7a+b=14           .....1andb-7=23-b2b=30b=15a=14-15=-1      from 1and23-b=c-23b+c=46      c=46-15c=31
Hence, the values of a, b and c are -1, 15 and 31 respectively.

Page No 52:

Question 5:

Determine the AP whose fifth term is 19 and the difference of the eighth term from the thirteenth term is 20.

Answer:

The nth term of an AP is given by an=a+n-1d.
Given that,
a11=19
a+11-1d=19a+10d=19               .....1
and 
a13-a8=20a+13-1d-a+8-1d=20a+12d-a-7d=205d=20d=4

From (1),
a=19-10×4=19-40=-21
Now, the general terms of an AP are a, a+d, a+2d,....

Hence, an AP with a=-21 and d = 4 is -21,-21+4,-21+2×4,.....=-21,-17,-13,....

Page No 52:

Question 6:

The 26th, 11th and the last term of an AP are 0, 3 and -15, respectively. Find the common difference and the number of terms.

Answer:

The nth term of an AP is given by an=a+n-1d.

Given that,
a26=0a+26-1d=0a+25d=0a=-25d                .....1
and 
a11=3a+11-1d=3a+10d=3-25d+10d=3             using 1-15d=3d=-315=-15
Now,
a=-25d=-25×-15=5

Also, the last term of an AP = -15
a+n-1d=-155+n-1×-15=-15-n-15=-15-5n-15=265n-1=26n=27
Hence, the common difference is -15 and number of terms are 27.

Page No 52:

Question 7:

The sum of the 5th and the 7th terms of an AP is 52 and the 10th term is 46. Find the AP.

Answer:

The nth term of an AP is given by an=a+n-1d.

Given that,
a5 +a7=52a+5-1d+a+7-1d=52a+4d+a+6d=52   2a+10d=52a+5d=26            .....1
and
a10=46a+10-1d=46a+9d=46                    .....2

Subtracting (1) from (2),
4d=20d=5

Now, from (1),
a=1General terms of an AP are a, a+d, a+2d, ....Hence, an AP with a=1 and d=5 is 1, 6, 11, 15, ......

Page No 52:

Question 8:

Find the 20th term of the AP whose 7th term is 24 less than the 11th term, first term being 12.

Answer:

Given that, the first term a = 12 and a7=a11- 24

Now, the nth term of an AP is an=a+n-1d.

Here, a7=a11- 24
a+7-1d=a+11-1d-24a+6d=a+10d-244d=24d=6

And the 20th term of the AP is given as:
a20=a+20-1d=a+19d=12+19×6=12+114=126
Hence, the 20th term of an AP is 126.

Page No 52:

Question 9:

If the 9th term of an AP is zero, prove that its 29th term is twice its 19th term.

Answer:

Given that, a9=0.
Now, the nth term of an AP is an=a+n-1d.

Here,
a9=0a+9-1d=0a+8d=0a=-8d               .....1

Now, from (1), 
a19=a+19-1d    =a+18d    =-8d+18d    =10da29=a+29-1d    =a+28d    =-8d+28d   =20d=2×10d=2a19
a29=2a19
Hence, proved.

Page No 52:

Question 10:

Find whether 55 is a term of the AP: 7, 10, 13,--- or not. If yes, find which term it is.

Answer:

Given AP: 7, 10, 13,....
The nth term of an AP is given by: an=a+n-1d.

Here,
a=7, d=10-7=3, an=5555=7+n-1348=3n-116=n-1n=17
Yes, 55 is the term of the AP 7, 10, 13,...
and it is the 17th term of this AP.



Page No 53:

Question 11:

Determine k so that k2+ 4k + 8, 2k2 + 3k + 6, 3k2 + 4k + 4 are three consecutive terms of an AP.

Answer:

Given: k2+ 4k + 8, 2k2 + 3k + 6, 3k2 + 4k + 4 are three consecutive terms of an AP.
i.e, common difference will be same
2k2+3k+6-k2+4k+8=3k2+4k+4-2k2+3k+6k2-k-2=k2+k-22k=0k=0
Hence, the value of k is 0.

Page No 53:

Question 12:

Split 207 into three parts such that these are in AP and the product of the two smaller parts is 4623.

Answer:

Let a-d, a, a+d be the three parts in AP.

Now,
a-d+a+a+d=207a-d+a+a+d=2073a=207a=69

and product of the two smallest parts = 4623
aa-d=46236969-d=46234761-69d=462369d=138d=2

Hence, three parts are 67, 69 and 71.

Page No 53:

Question 13:

The angles of a triangle are in AP. The greatest angle is twice the least. Find all the angles of the triangle.

Answer:

Let the angles of a triangle are a-d, a, a+d.
Given that, the greatest angle is twice the least.
a+d=2a-da+d=2a-2da=3d                   .....1

Now, by angle sum property of triangles, the sum of the angles of a triangle is 180°. 
a-d+a+a+d=180a-d+a+a+d=1803a=180a=60d=a3=603=20                from 1
Hence, the angles of a triangle are 40°, 60° and 80°.

Page No 53:

Question 14:

If the nth terms of the two APs: 9, 7, 5, ... and 24, 21, 18,... are the same, find the value of n. Also find that term.

Answer:

Given that, the nth terms of the two APs: 9, 7, 5, ... and 24, 21, 18,... are the same
The nth terms of an AP is given as: an=a+n-1d.

For the first AP: 9, 7, 5, .... 
first term = 9 and common difference = 7-9=-2

For the second AP: 24, 21, 18,...
first term = 24 and common difference = 21-24=-3

According to the question,
9+n-1×-2=24+n-1×-39-2n+2=24-3n+311-2n=27-3nn=16

Now, 16th term of the APs is the same.
a16=a+n-1d    =9+16-1×-2    =9-30    =-21

Hence, n=16 and a16=-21.

Page No 53:

Question 15:

If sum of the 3rd and the 8th terms of an AP is 7 and the sum of the 7th and the 14th terms is –3, find the 10th term.

Answer:

The nth term of an AP is given by an=a+n-1d.
Given that,
 a3+a8=7a+3-1d+a+8-1d=7a+2d+a+7d=72a+9d=7                .....1
and
a7+a14=-3a+7-1d+a+14-1d=-3a+6d+a+13d=-32a+19d=-3                          .....2

Subtracting (1) from (2),
10d=-10d=-1

From (1),
2a=7-9d=7+9=16a=8

Now, the 10th term of an AP is
a10=a+10-1d     =8+9×-1     =8-9     =-1
Hence, 10th term of an AP is -1.
 

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Question 16:

Find the 12th term from the end of the AP: –2, –4, –6,..., –100.

Answer:

The nth term from the end of an AP is given by l-n-1d
where = last term,
d = common difference and
n = number of terms

For the AP: –2, –4, –6,..., –100,
l = –100,
n = 12 and
d = – 4 – (–2) = – 4 + 2 = –2

Now, the 12th term from the end of the given AP is:
=-100-12-1×-2=-100+22=-78
Hence, 12th term from end of an AP is -78.

Page No 53:

Question 17:

Which term of the AP: 53, 48, 43,... is the first negative term?

Answer:

The nth term of an AP is given by an=a+n-1d.

For the AP: 53, 48, 43,...,
a = 53, d = 48-53=-5 and n = ?

To find first negative term,
an<0a+n-1d<053+n-1×-5<053-5n+5<058<5n5n>58n>585=11.6
Since,  is a natural number.
n=12
Hence, 12th term is the first negative term.

Page No 53:

Question 18:

How many numbers lie between 10 and 300, which when divided by 4 leave a remainder 3?

Answer:

Given: Numbers between 10 and 300, which when divided by 4 leave a remainder 3 makes an AP
AP: 11, 15, 19, ....., 299

The nth term of an AP is given by an=a+n-1d.
For the given AP: 11, 15, 19, ....., 299,
a = 11,
d15-11=4,
an = 299 and n = ?
299=11+n-14288=4n-44n=292n=73
Hence, 73 numbers lie between 10 and 300, which when divided by 4 leave a remainder 3.
 

Page No 53:

Question 19:

Find the sum of the two middle most terms of the AP: -43, -1, -23,..., 413.

Answer:

Given AP: -43, -1, -23,..., 413 
First, we will find the number of terms.
The nth term of an AP is given by 
an=a+n-1d

For the given AP,
a=-43,d=-1--43=-1+43=13,an=413=133,n=?

So,
133=-43+n-1×13133+43=n-1317=n-1n=18

Now, the middle two terms are 182=9th term and 182+1=10th term. So, a9+a10 is to be calculated.
a9=a+9-1da9 =-43+8×13a9 =43anda10=a+10-1da10=-43+9×13a10=53a9+a10=43+53=3
Hence, the sum of the two middle most term is 3.
 

Page No 53:

Question 20:

The first term of an AP is –5 and the last term is 45. If the sum of the terms of the AP is 120, then find the number of terms and the common difference.

Answer:

The sum of n terms of an AP is given by:
Sn=n2a+l

Given that, the first term a = –5, last term an or l = 45, Sn=120.
120=n2-5+45240=40nn=6

Now, an=a+n-1d.
45=-5+6-1d50=5dd=10

Hence, the number of terms are 6 and the common difference is 10.
 

Page No 53:

Question 21:

Find the sum:

(i) 1 + (–2) + (–5) + (–8) + ... + (–236)

(ii) 4-1n+4-2n+4-3n+...upto n terms

(iii) a-ba+b+3a-2ba+b+5a-3ba+b+... to 11 terms.

Answer:

(i) 1 + (–2) + (–5) + (–8) + ... + (–236)
First term = 1,
common difference d = –2 – 1 = –3,
last term = a= –236

Now,
an=a+n-1d-236=1+n-1×-3-237=-3n-179=n-1n=80

So, the sum of 80 terms is given as: 
S80=8021+-236                 Sn=n2a+anS80=40×-235S80=-9400S80=-9400

(ii) 4-1n+4-2n+4-3n+...upto n terms
First term = = 4-1n,
common difference = d=4-2n-4-1n=1n,
last term = an

Now,
an=4-1n+n-11n                      an=a+n-1d=4-1n+1-1n=5-2n

So, the sum of n terms is given as: 
Sn=n24-1n+5-2n                 Sn=n2a+an=n29-3n=3n23-1n=323n-1

(iii) a-ba+b+3a-2ba+b+5a-3ba+b+...  to 11 terms
Here, a1a-ba+b,
d3a-2ba+b-a-ba+b=2a-ba+b

So,
S11=1122×a-ba+b+11-12a-ba+b                 Sn=n22a+n-1d=1122×a-ba+b+102a-ba+b  =11a-ba+b+5×2a-ba+b  =11a-11ba+b+110a-55ba+b=121a-66ba+b

Page No 53:

Question 22:

Which term of the AP: –2, –7, –12,... will be –77? Find the sum of this AP upto the term –77.

Answer:

The nth term of an AP is given by: an=a+n-1d.

For the given AP: –2, –7, –12,....–77
a=-2,d=-7--2=-7+2=-5,an=-77,n=?
-77=-2+n-1×-5-75=-5n-115=n-1n=16
 –77 is the 16th term of the given AP.

Now, the sum of these 16 terms is:
Sn=n22a+n-1dS16=1622×-2+16-1×-5S16=8-4-75S16=8×-79S16=-632
Hence, the sum of 16 terms of the given AP is –632.

Page No 53:

Question 23:

If an = 3 – 4n, show that a1, a2 ,a3 ,... form an AP. Also find S20.

Answer:

Given that, a= 3 – 4n.

Thus,
a1=3-4×1=-1a2=3-4×2=-5a3=3-4×3=-9a4=3-4×4=-13...
Therefore, d=a2-a1=a3-a2=a4-a3=...=-4
i.e, common differenced=-4 is the same.
Hence, a1, a2 ,a3 ,... form an AP.

Now, the sum of 20 terms is given as:
Sn=n22a+n-1dS20=2022×-1+20-1×-4S20=10-2-76S20=10×-78S20=-780
Hence, the sum of 20 terms is –780.
 

Page No 53:

Question 24:

In an AP, if Sn = n (4n + 1), find the AP.

Answer:

Given that, the sum of terms of an AP Sn = n (4n + 1).
Thus,
S1=14×1+1=5S2=24×2+1=18S3=34×3+1=39S4=44×4+1=68 and so on.

Now,
a1=S1=5a2=S2-S1=18-5=13a3=S3-S2=39-18=21a4=S4-S3=68-39=29 and so on.
Hence, the AP is 5, 13, 21, 29, .....



Page No 54:

Question 25:

In an AP, if Sn = 3n2 + 5n and ak = 164, find the value of k.

Answer:

Given that, the sum of terms of an AP Sn = 3n2 + 5n.
Thus,
S1=312+51=3+5=8S2=322+52=12+10=22S3=332+53=27+15=42
Now,
a1=S1=8a2=S2-S1=22-8=14a3=S3-S2=42-22=20and d=a2-a1=14-8=6

∴ First term a = 14 and
common difference, d = 6.

Given that, ak = 164.
a+k-1d=16414+k-16=1646k-1=150k-1=25k=26

Hence, the value of k = 26.

 

Page No 54:

Question 26:

If Sn denotes the sum of first n terms of an AP, prove that S12 = 3(S8 – S4)

Answer:

To prove: S12 = 3(S8 – S4)
Proof: 
The sum of  terms of an AP is:
Sn=n22a+n-1d
Now, 
S12=1222a+12-1dS12=62a+11d             .....1
and
S8=822a+8-1dS8=42a+7d                 .....2S4=422a+4-1dS4=22a+3d                .....3
3S8-S4=38a+28d-4a+6d=38a+28d-4a-6d=34a+22d=62a+11d=S12                              from 1
Hence, proved.

Page No 54:

Question 27:

Find the sum of first 17 terms of an AP whose 4th and 9th terms are –15 and –30 respectively.

Answer:

Given that, a4=-15 and a9=-30.

The nth term of an AP is given as:
an=a+n-1d
Now, 
a4=-15a+3d=-15                  .....1and a9=-30a+8d=-30                 .....2

Subtracting (1) from (2),
a+8d-a+3d=-30--15a+8d-a-3d=-155d=-15d=-3

From (1),
a=-15-3-3=-15+9=-6

Now, the sum of the first 17 terms of the AP
S17=1722×-6+17-1×-3                      Sn=n22a+n-1d=172-12-48=172×-60=-510
Hence, the sum of first 17 terms of an AP is -510.

Page No 54:

Question 28:

If sum of first 6 terms of an AP is 36 and that of the first 16 terms is 256, find the sum of first 10 terms.

Answer:

The sum of first terms of an AP is:
Sn=n22a+n-1d

Given that,
 S6=36622a+6-1d=3632a+5d=36  6a+15d=36                 .....1
and S16 = 256
1622a+16-1d=25682a+15d=25616a+120d=256               .....2

Solving equations (1) and (2),
16a-48a=256-288-32a=-32a=1

From (1),
15d=36-6=30
d=2
Now, the sum of 10 terms is given as: 
S10=1022×1+10-1×2=52+18=100
Hence, the sum of 10 terms of the AP is 100.

Page No 54:

Question 29:

Find the sum of all the 11 terms of an AP whose middle most term is 30.

Answer:

To find: sum of all the 11 terms of an AP
Given that, the middle most term of 11 terms is 11+11th=6th term=30.
a6=30a+6-1d=30a+5d=30              .....1

Now, the sum of 11 terms of the AP is:
S11=1122a+11-1d            Sn=n22a+n-1d=1122a+10d=112×2a+5d=11×30                                 from 1=330

Hence, the sum of 11 terms of an AP is 330.
 

Page No 54:

Question 30:

Find the sum of last ten terms of the AP: 8, 10, 12, ..., 126.

Answer:

The given AP is 8, 10, 12, ..., 124, 126.

After reversing the AP, the new AP is
126, 124, 122, ..., 12, 10, 8

So,
First term = a = 126,
common difference = d = 124-126=-2,
number of terms = n = 7

Therefore, the sum of 10 terms
S10=722×126+10-1×-2          Sn=n22a+n-1d=72252-18=72×234=819
Hence, the sum of ten terms of the AP is 819.
 

Page No 54:

Question 31:

Find the sum of first seven numbers which are multiples of 2 as well as of 9.

Answer:

The seven numbers which are multiples of 2 as well as 9 forms the AP i.e, 18, 36, 54, .....

So,
First term = a = 18,
common difference = d = 36 -18 = 18,
number of terms = n = 7

Now, the sum of the 7 terms is:
S7=722×18+7-1×18           Sn=n22a+n-1d=7236+108=72×144=504
Hence, the sum of first seven numbers which are multiples of 2 as well as 9 is 504.

Page No 54:

Question 32:

How many terms of the AP: –15, –13, –11,--- are needed to make the sum –55?

Explain the reason for double answer.

Answer:

The sum of terms of an AP is n22a+n-1d.
Given AP: –15, –13, –11,---
where
a=-15,d=-13--15=-13+15=2,Sn=-55 andn=?

Thus,
-55=n22×-15+n-1×2-110=n-30+2n-2-110=n2n-322n2-32n+110=0n2-16n+55=0n2-11n-5n+55=0nn-11-5n-11=0n-11n-5=0n-11=0 or n-5=0n-11=0 or n-5=0n=11 or n=5

For n = 5,
S5=522a+5-1d=522×-15+4×2=52-30+8=52-22=-55

Similarly, for n = 11,
S11=1122a+11-1d=1122×-15+10×2=112-30+20=112-10=-55

 

Page No 54:

Question 33:

The sum of the first n terms of an AP whose first term is 8 and the common difference is 20 is equal to the sum of first 2n terms of another AP whose first term is – 30 and the common difference is 8. Find n.

Answer:

Given, the first term of the first AP (a) = 8
and the common difference of the first AP (d) = 20
Let the number of terms in first AP be n.

 Sum of first n terms of an AP, Sn=n22a+n-1dSn=n22×8+n-120Sn=n216+20n-20Sn=n220n-4Sn=n10n-2                                                 ...1

Now, the first term of the second AP ( a' ) = -30
and the common difference of the second AP ( d' ) = 8
 Sum of first 2n terms of second AP, Sn=2n22a'+2n-1d'Sn=n2×-30+2n-18Sn=n-60+16n-8Sn=n16n-68                                                ...2
As per the condition given, 
Sum of n terms of the first AP = Sum of the first 2n terms of the second AP.
From (1) and (2)
Sn=S2nn10n-2=n16n-68n16n-68-10n-2=0n16n-68-10n+2=0n6n-66=0n=11

Hence, the required value on n = 11.

 

Page No 54:

Question 34:

Kanika was given her pocket money on Jan 1st, 2008. She puts Re 1 on Day 1, Rs 2 on Day 2, Rs 3 on Day 3, and continued doing so till the end of the month, from this money into her piggy bank. She also spent Rs 204 of her pocket money, and found that at the end of the month she still had Rs 100 with her. How much was her pocket money for the month?

Answer:

Let her pocket money be ₹x.

Now, she takes ₹1 on day 1, ₹2 on day 2, ₹3 on day 3 and so on till the end of the month, from this money.
i.e., 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + … + 31
which forms an AP in which terms are 31 and first term (a) = 1, common difference (d) = 2 − 1 = 1.

Sum of first 31 terms = S31 
Sum of n terms, Sn=n22a+n-1dSn=3122×1+31-11=3122+30=31×322=31×16=496

So, Kanika takes ₹496 amount at the end of the month.
She spent ₹204 of her pocket money and found ₹100 left with her at the end of the month.
As per the condition 
x-496-204=100x-700=100x=800

Thus, she got ₹800 as her pocket money for the month. 

 

Page No 54:

Question 35:

Yasmeen saves Rs 32 during the first month, Rs 36 in the second month and Rs 40 in the third month. If she continues to save in this manner, in how many months will she save Rs 2000?

Answer:

During the 1st month, she saves = ₹32

During the 2nd month, she saves = ₹36

During the 3rd month, she saves = ₹40

Consider that Yasmeen saves ₹2000 during the n months.

Here, we have arithmetic progression 32, 36, 40,…
First term (a) = 32, common difference (d) = 36 − 32 = 4
and she saves total money, i.e., Sn = ₹2000

We know, sum of first n terms of an AP is 
Sn=n22a+n-1d2000=n22×32+n-142000=n32+n-122000=n30+2n1000=n15+n1000=15n+n215n+n2-1000=0n2+40n-25n-1000=0n+40n-25=0                                      n-40n=25

Hence, she saves ₹2000 in 25 months.



Page No 56:

Question 1:

The sum of the first five terms of an AP and the sum of the first seven terms of the same AP is 167. If the sum of the first ten terms of this AP is 235, find the sum of its first twenty terms.

Answer:

Let the first term be a, common difference d and number of terms in an AP as n.
Then, the sum of the first n terms of AP is given as:
Sn=n22a+n-1d                       ...1
Here, the sum of the first five terms of AP is given as:
S5=522a+5-1d =522a+4d=5a+2d
S5=5a+10d                                          ...2

The sum of the first seven terms of AP is given as:
S7=722a+7-1d =722a+6d=7a+3d
S7=7a+21d                                          ...3
Now, by given condition,S5+S7=1675a+10d+7a+21d =16712a+31d=167                                      ...4

Given that the sum of the first ten terms is 235.
 S10=2351022a+10-1d=23552a+9d=2352a+9d=47                   .....5

Multiplying (5) by 6 and subtracting (4) from it,

12a+54d=28212a+31d=167-     -          -  23d=115d=5Putting the value of d in 5,2a+9×5=472a+45=472a=47-45a=1Sum of first twenty terms of this AP, S20=2022a+20-1d=102×1+19×5=102+95=10×97=970

Hence, the required sum of its first twenty terms is 970.



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Question 2:

Find the
(i) sum of those integers between 1 and 500 which are multiples of 2 as well as of 5.
(ii) sum of those integers from 1 to 500 which are multiples of 2 as well as of 5 .
(iii) sum of those integers from 1 to 500 which are multiples of 2 or 5.

Answer:

(i) The multiples of 2 as well as of 5 is the LCM of (2, 5) = 10

∴ Multiples of 2 as well as of 5 between 1 and 500 are 10, 20, 30, ..., 490.
This is an AP with first term (a) = 10 and common difference (d) = 20 - 10 = 10
and nth term  = Last term (l) = 490

Now,
an=a+(n-1)d=l10+n-110=490n-110=480n-1=48n=49

∴ Sum of n terms between 1 and 500 is given as:
Sn=2a+lS49=49210+490=492×500=49×250=12250

(ii) Multiples of 2 as well as of 5 from 1 to 500 are 10, 20, 30, ..., 500.
(a) = 10, (d) =10 and Last term (l) = 500
Now,
an=a+(n -1)d=l10+n-110=500n-110=490n-1=49n=50

So,
Sn=n2a+lS49=50210+500=502×510=25×510=12750

(iii) Multiples of 2 or 5 = List of multiples of 2 from 1 to 500 +  List of multiples of 5 from 1 to 500 − List of multiples of 10 from 1 to 500

= (2, 4, 6, ...., 500) + (5, 10, 15, ..., 500) − (10, 20, 30, ..., 500)                         ....(1)

All of these AP's form an AP in itself.
No. of terms in first AP =
500 = 2 + (n1 - 1)2
⇒ 498 = (n1 - 1)2
⇒ (n1 - 1) = 249
⇒ n1 = 250

No. of terms in second AP =
500 = 5 + (n2 - 1)5
⇒ 495 = (n2 - 1)5
⇒ (n2 - 1) = 99
⇒ n2 = 100

No. of terms in third AP =
500 = 10 + (n3 - 1)10
⇒ 490 = (n3 - 1)10
⇒  (n3 - 1) = 49
⇒ n3 = 50

From (1), sum of multiples of 2 or 5 from 1 to 500 is 
Sum 2, 4, 6, ..., 500 + Sum5, 10,..., 500-Sum10, 20, ..., 500=n122+500+n225+500-n3210+500=25022+500+10025+500-50210+500=250×251+50×505-25×510=62750+25250-12750=88000-12750=75250

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Question 3:

The eighth term of an AP is half its second term and the eleventh term exceeds one third of its fourth term by 1. Find the 15th term.

Answer:

Let the first term be a and common difference be d of an AP respectively.
Then,
 a8=12a2                         As per given conditiona+7d=12a+d2a+14d=a+da+13d=0                                                                 ...1anda11=13a4+1a+10d=13a+3d+13a+30d=a+3d+32a+27d=3                                                                 ...2

From (1) and (2),
2-13d+27d=3-26d+27d=3d=3

Again, from (1),
a+13×3=0a=-39
a15=a+14d=-39+14×3=-39+42=3a15=3

Hence, the 15th term is 3.

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Question 4:

An AP consists of 37 terms. The sum of the three middle most terms is 225 and the sum of the last three is 429. Find the AP.

Answer:

The total term in the AP is an odd value. Thus,
Middle term=37+12th term=19th term

Thus, the three middle terms are 18th, 19th and 20th.

Here,
Sum of the three middle most terms = 225
a18+a19+a20=225a+17d+a+18d+a+19d=2253a+54d=225a+18=75                                                                            ...1

Sum of the last three terms = 429
a35+a36+a37=429a+34d+a+35d+a+36d=4293a+105d=429a+35d=143                                                                          ...2

Subtracting (1) from (2),
17d=68d=4

From (1),
a+18×4=75a=75-72a=3

Required AP is a+d, a+2d, a+3d, ...3, 3+4, 3+2×4, 3+3×4, ...3, 7, 11, 15, ...

Hence, the required AP is 3, 7, 11, 15, ....

Page No 57:

Question 5:

Find the sum of the integers between 100 and 200 that are
(i) divisible by 9
(ii) not divisible by 9

Answer:

(i) The numbers (integers) between 100 and 200 which is divisible by 9 are 108, 117, 126, … 198.
Consider the number of terms between 100 and 200 which is divisible by 9 be n.
Then,
a=108, d=117-108=9 and an=l=198an=l=a+n-1d198=108+n-1990=n-19n-1=10n=11

The sum of the terms between 100 and 200 which are divisible by 9 is:
Sn=n22a+n-1dS11=1122×108+11-19S11=112216+90S11=112×306S11=11×153S11=1683

Hence, the sum of the integers between 100 and 200 , divisible by 9 is 1683.

(ii) The sum of the integers between 100 and 200, not divisible by 9
= (sum of total numbers between 100 and 200) – (sum of total numbers between 100 and 200 , divisible by 9)

a=101, d=102-101=1 and an=l=199an=l=a+n-1d199=101+n-1199=n-11n-1=98n=99

The sum of the terms between 100 and 200 is:
Sn=n22a+n-1dS99=9922×101+99-11S99=992202+98S99=992×300S99=99×150S99=14850

Sum of the integer between 100 and 200, not divisible by 9 = 14850 - 1683
                                                                                                = 13167

Hence, the required sum is 13167.


 

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Question 6:

The ratio of the 11th term to the 18th term of an AP is 2 : 3. Find the ratio of the 5th term to the 21st term, and also the ratio of the sum of the first five terms to the sum of the first 21 terms.

Answer:

Let the first term = a and common difference = d.
Then, 
a11:a18=2:3a+10da+17d=233a+30d=2a+34da=4d                                                      .....1

Now,
a5=a+4d=4d+4d=8da21=a+20d=4d+20d=24da5:a21=8d:24da5:a21=1:3

The sum of the five terms is given by:
S5=522a+5-1d=522×4d+4d=528d+4d=52×12d=30d

Also, the sum of first 21 terms is:
S21=2122a+21-1d=2122×4d+20d=21228d=294d

S5:S21=30d:294d=5:49

Hence, the ratio of the sum of the first 5 terms to the sum of first 21 terms is 5 : 49.

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Question 7:

Show that the sum of an AP whose first term is a, the second term b and the last term c, is equal to a+cb+c-2a2b-a

Answer:

The AP is a, b, ..., c.
Here, first term = a, common difference = b – a, and last term, = an = c.
Now,
c=a+n-1b-a              an=l=a+n-1dn-1=c-ab-an=c-ab-a+1n=c-a+b-ab-a=c+b-2ab-a                          .....1

So, the sum of n terms is:
Sn=n22a+n-1d=b+c-2a2b-a2a+b+c-2ab-a-1b-a=b+c-2a2b-a2a+c-ab-ab-a=b+c-2a2b-a2a+c-a=b+c-2a2b-aa+c

Hence, proved

 

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Question 8:

Solve the equation – 4 + (–1) + 2 +...+ x = 437

Answer:

Given that the AP is
– 4 + (–1) + 2 + … + x = 437                               ..…(1)

Here, – 4 + (–1) + 2 + …+ x forms an AP with first term = –4, common difference = 3, an = l = x.

Now,
x=-4+n-13            an=l=a+n-1dx+43=n-1n=x+73                                                 .....2

Sum to n terms terms of the AP is given as:
Sn=n22a+n-1dSn=x+72×32-4+x+433=x+72×3-8+x+4=x+7x-42×3
From (2),
Sn=437x+7x-42×3=437x2+7x-4x-28=874×3x2+3x-2650=0
x=-3±32-4-26502               by quadratic formula=-3±9+106002   = -3±106092=-3±1032=1002,-1062=50,-53
Here, x cannot be negative, i.e., x ≠ –53
also, for x = –53, n will be negative which is not possible

Hence, the required value of x is 50.
 

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Question 9:

Jaspal Singh repays his total loan of ₹118000 by paying every month starting with the first instalment of ₹1000. If he increases the instalment by ₹100 every month, what amount will be paid by him in the 30th instalment? What amount of loan does he still have to pay after the 30th instalment?

Answer:

Jaspal Singh takes total loan = ₹118000
He repays his total loan by paying every month.

His first installment = ₹1000

Second installment = 1000 + 100 = ₹1100

Third installment = 1100 + 100 = ₹1200 and so on

The AP is 1000, 1100, 1200, ...., an
with first term (a) = 1000,
common difference (d) = 1100 – 1000 = 100 and
nth term of an AP, an = a + (n – 1)d
Let his 30th instalment be n.

For 30th instalment,
a30 = 1000 + (30 – 1)100
      = 100 + 29 × 100
      = 1000 + 2900
⇒ a30 = 3900

So, ₹3900 will be paid by him in the 30th instalment.

He paid total amount upto 30 instalments in the following form:
1000 + 1100 + 1200 + …………. + 3900
i.e., first term (a) = 1000 and last term (l) = 3900

Sum of 30 instalments,
S30=302n+l
S30 = 15(1000 + 3900)
           = 15 × 4900
           = ₹73500

 The total amount he still has to pay after the 30 installment = (Amount of loan) – (Sum of 30 installments)
                                                                                                = 11800073500
                                                                                                = ₹44500

Hence, after the 30th installment, he will still have to pay ₹44500.

 



Page No 58:

Question 10:

The students of a school decided to beautify the school on the Annual Day by fixing colourful flags on the straight passage of the school. They have 27 flags to be fixed at intervals of every 2 m. The flags are stored at the position of the middle most flag. Ruchi was given the responsibility of placing the flags. Ruchi kept her books where the flags were stored. She could carry only one flag at a time. How much distance did she cover in completing this job and returning back to collect her books? What is the maximum distance she travelled carrying a flag?

Answer:

The students of a school decided to beautify the school oh the annua] day by fixing colorful flags on the straight passage of the school.

Given, the number of flags = 27 and the distance between each flag = 2 m.

The flags are also stored in the position of the middle flag, which is the 14th flag, and Ruchi is in charge of installing the flags. Ruchi maintained her books, which were where the flags were kept, i.e., the 14th flag, and she could only carry one flag at a time.

She started with the middle flag, the 14th flag, and moved 13 flags to her left. Distance traveled to place the second flag and return to his original location = 2 + 2 = 4 m.

Similarly, the distance traveled to place the third flag and return to his original position is = 4 + 4 = 8 m. Distance traveled = 6 + 6 = 12 m for setting the fourth flag and returning to his original place.

Distance traveled to place the fourteenth flag and return to his original position = 26 + 26 = 52 m

Continue in the same fashion into her right position, starting with the 14th flag. In that situation, the total distance traveled was 52 meters.

Ruchi also returned to his centre position and collected her books after placing the final flag. This distance also included where the last flag was placed.

So, these distances form a series, 4 + 8 + 12 + 16 + …+ 52      [for left]
and    4 + 8 + 12 + 16 +… + 52     [for right]

Total distance covered by Ruchi for placing these flags
=2×4+8+12+...+52=2×1322×4+13-1×8-4      Sum of n terms of an AP=Sn=n22a+n-1d=2×1328+12×4                               both sides of ruchi number of flags i.e. n=13=2×134+12×2=2×134+24=2×13×28=728 m

As a result, the required distance is 728 meters, which she covered while finishing this duty and returned to retrieve her books.

Ruchi's maximum distance traveled while carrying a flag is now equal to the distance she traveled while placing the 14th flag in her left position or the 27th flag in her right position.

= (2 + 2 + 2 + … + 13 times)
= 2 ✕ 13 = 26 m

Hence, the required maximum distance she traveled carrying a flag is 26 m.










 



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